America put people on the moon, built an enormous nuclear-tipped ballistic missile force and created the internet with computers less powerful than the ones a Foxconn janitor has in his pocket.
That has nothing to do with anything. A lot of the problems we
haven't solved require vast amounts of compute power, which usually has something to do with why we haven't solved them.
China is permitting two new coal-fired power plants a week and 22 nuclear power plants under construction. I don't think the energy efficiency angle will give them much pause.
They're adding so much energy-generation, in large part, because they have a large population. The central government actually tried to stop the build-out of coal-fired power generation, a few years ago, but lost a legal battle and had to relent.
Oh, and another thing that happened, recently, is the Yangtze River dried up in a historic drought, which was a major source of power generation:
Nationwide alert issued with south-west especially badly hit, as major companies forced to suspend work
www.theguardian.com
I'm sure some of the new capacity is to backstop a recurrence of that. During a heat wave is usually when energy consumption is peaking, too. It was so bad that they had to temporarily shut down factories in the region.
Anyway, I basically agree that they can & will build whatever amount of power generation capacity needed to run their supercomputers and datacenters, which is part of what worries me. However, I do think you face some scaling challenges as supercomputers grow physically larger. So, it's not a simple "numbers game" where you can necessarily make up in quantity what your nodes lack in width and speed.