To fix Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 Modern UI app shortcuts, you will need to open the root folder where they are installed. Navigate to the following path and locate the apps which are causing you issues:
C:\Users\Your Account Name\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Application Shortcuts
Note: replace Your Account Name with the name of your local/MS account
In this folder, you will find all the apps you’ve installed on your system, each in a separate folder. You’ll have to locate the apps which no longer work and open their corresponding folder. In it, you will see a shortcut named “App“. Delete the shortcut and do so for all the apps that are not working. After you’ve finished, reboot your system and all should be fine. Your Windows 8 / 8.1 Modern UI app shortcuts should be working as intended.
Desktop shortcuts also have a tendency to stop working, usually due to a broken path to the program executable they should launch. This is due when the corresponding program is updated, uninstalled or moved. If you’ve uninstalled a certain program, then all you’re left is to delete the shortcut as well.