The way most laptops with hybrid Intel+Nvidia graphics works is the Intel integrated GPU always drives the screen. The Nvidia GPU acts as a co-processor. When the game uses the Nvidia GPU and finishes drawing a frame, the frame gets sent to the Intel GPU which displays it. That's why the Intel GPU is listed as GPU 0, and the Nvidia GPU as GPU 1. I'm surprised your laptop even worked when you disabled the Intel graphics.
As you can imagine, this process is highly dependent on the drivers working correctly. Windows 10 Update has this bad habit of replacing functioning drivers with non-functional drivers. I'd try downloading the video drivers (Intel and Nvidia) from the Asus website for your laptop. Then disable networking (to block Windows Update). Install the two drivers you've downloaded. Reboot, and try the games again.
If this fixes the problem (games work at the expected framerate for the Nvidia GPU), then enable networking. Let Windows Update do its thing. If it replaces one or both video drivers and the games stop working, just go into device manager. Open the properties for your GPU(s) and select the option to roll back the driver. This is the method Microsoft has settled on to block Windows 10 Update from replacing device drivers.
I've found HWMonitor to be a simple quick and dirty way to check which GPU is being used. It will display the clock speed of of the Intel GPU, while showing the Nvidia GPU as disabled. If a game uses only the Intel GPU, it will continue to show the Nvidia GPU as disabled. If a game uses the Nvidia GPU, you'll see its clock speed ramp up and both GPUs will show as being in use.
https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/hwmonitor.html
Also, laptops can use the dedicated GPU on battery. (I have a Thinkpad X1 Extreme with i7 and 1050Ti just like you, and it uses the Nvidia GPU on battery.) But the performance will be limited due to the battery only being able to put out so many Watts. The exact performance limit depends on the battery and CPU + GPU. Generally, the batteries with more cells can put out more Watts. (The high-end gaming laptops actually use more power than the AC adapter can provide. Consequently when gaming on AC power, they will slowly drain the battery as well. When the battery is empty, their performance gets limited to match the max power the AC adapter can provide.)