G3258 and also the i3 4xxx are poor recommendations because he already have an FX-6300.
G3258 is a cheaper chip than the FX-6300 and it's a dual-core 3.2 GHz chip which can be over-clocked.
The FX-6300 is a hexa-core 3.5 GHz chip which can also be over-clocked.
The Intel chips perform better per core and MHz and some games and DX11 do use multiple cores poorly but the G3258 isn't a better chip.
The i3 4170 is a dual-core 3.7 GHz chip with hyper-threading which cost like 30% more than the FX-6300 and which may work better for games, at-least the not well-threaded DX11-games. But is it even enough to even care? Sure it's better for CS:GO but ..
It will have to be an i5 or better to actually be an upgrade. The 4460 is a 3.2 GHz chip, the Xeon E3-1231v3 which has already been mentioned would sorta be equivalent to a 3.4 GHz i7 chip (it has support for hyper-threading but not integrated graphics and no unlocked multiplier.) Then there's the i5 4690K at 3.5 GHz which can be over-clocked but still lack hyper-threading and the i7 4790K running at 4.0 GHz and which has it all.
Now Skylake is out but the 3.5 GHz i5 6600K and the 4.0 GHz i7 6700K cost quite a bit more than the 4690K and 4790K and perform just a very tiny bit better. The mother-boards are more expensive and for now the DDR4 memory is too. They also don't come with a CPU-cooler which increase the price of them even more once you get one.
By now the 3.2 GHz i5 6500 should be out as-well as the i3 6100, 6300 and 6320 running at 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9 GHz.
I pick those because the spec match the Haswell chips.
If you go with 4690, 4790, 6600 and 6700 remember that the non-K chips are actually lower clocked and can't be over-clocked, so avoid them, regardless of whatever you get a motherboard which supports overclocking (Z-model) or not.
There exist a i5 4590 as-well btw.
i5 = quad-core
The Xeon E3 = quad-core with hyper-threading.
i7 = quad-core or better, but in the main-stream line only quad-cores.
K = Unlocked multiplier.
i5 4460 is a budget choice, better than an i3 and your FX-6300, i5 4690K/6600K and you can over-clock the chip to better speeds. The Xeon may be better than the 4690K even though it can't be over-clocked, it also cost more though, it may be a better choice on a mother-board where you can't over-clock, the i7 4790K/6700K is likely the chips to aim for. Just don't expect 6700K to be much quicker than 4790K or 4790K to be much better than 4770K or that vs 3770K or (that vs 2700K?)
Intel claim 10, 20, 30% speed increase there.
for enthusiasts the i7 5820K provide the best value (at-least when viewed separately without considering what you spend on motherboard and RAM to get to use it) but it won't be all that much better than the 6700K which has a cheaper motherboard. The eight-core models such as 5960X I guess is somewhat quicker but they also cost a lot.
So I'd say 4790K, Xeon E3-1231v3, 4690K, 6700K or 6600K.
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