Since these are European laws, enforced by European agencies, and funded by European governments, I don't know why the money should go to these European powers.
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From the previous article found by following the "last week" link in this article:
Intel denies charges related to rebates offered as long as manufacturers agreed to obtain the majority of their processors from Intel as well as paying them to either to delay or cancel the launch of AMD based products.
So, yes, the issue is that Intel paid rebates if and only if they did not do business with AMD.
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As to the nature of the companies, both Intel and AMD are multinational corporations. As such, they maintain legal entities in multiple companies and don't truly "belong" in one nation, but within each country are expected to abide by their laws.
It does not matter if you feel that Intel behaved appropriately for US laws, it is the laws of the region that count. This is what sovereignty is all about - the right for a state to enact and enforce laws upon a territory.
As an aside, do you keep an eye on CNN or other news sources? Obama has recently rescinded the last administrations precedent that made anti-trust lawsuits by the government very difficult, and that the last administration had the historically lowest number of such suits brought up in court. In other words, the last administration removed the barriers against the formation of trusts and monopolies - but that, like so many other things, are changing because enough of the US citizenry said it was time for a change.
Feel free to complain like we did for the last 8 years, but note there will be one difference: we won't label you as traitors or unpatriotic for doing so. I sympathize... I know what it is like to feel like the country is going in the wrong direction due to the last 8 years.