Not sure if they are still made this way, but in the past most laptops have a magnetic reed switch located inside the keyboard deck between the touchpad and the front edge of the deck. There is a corresponding magnet in the upper edge of the display bezel. When the display lid is closed, the magnet trips the reed switch to shut off the display (and I would imagine also controlling the start of hibernation or sleep modes). If this is still the case in new laptops, perhaps you accidentally moved or lost the magnet in the display bezel.
The magnet and switch (if there is one) could also be located anywhere along the edge of the display bezel and keyboard deck.
Try taking a steel paperclip and move it around the bezel to see if it will stick anywhere. Or take a very weak magnet and run it along the edge of the keyboard deck. The magnet should trigger the reed switch, thus turning off the display.