It used to be fairly linear. I had an i7 2600K. Base 3.4Ghz to Turbo 3.8Ghz. With Turbo enabled all 4 cores ran at 3.5Ghz, 3 cores at 3.6Ghz, 2 cores at 3.7Ghz and a single core would boost to 3.8Ghz.
They updated Turbo though as I said above and things no longer scale linearly like that any more.