Fragmented disks will likely cause stutters, but hardly a constant low FPS situation.
Still, if it's an HDD, it's worth checking (SSDs do not suffer from fragmentation).
High spec games on old hardware, high temperatures due to dirt and dust, HDD getting full, viruses, other processes hogging memory, imminent hardware failures...
The list goes on about possible causes.
Start by stating your hardware configuration, and use a monitoring tool to check CPU and GPU temperatures while gaming (I'd recommend CoreTemp for the CPU, and GPU-Z for the GPU)