Deadromon :
So, as I understand it, you have a laptop, and are plannin to change the HDD to an SSD. Now (correct me if im wrong) you want to know if you can use a converter from nvme to sata, and you are wondering if it will have the boosted data transfer speed. It will not. Lets say you have an HDD, the data transfer is based on the rpm of it. If you are wondering about the other way around, sata to nvme, it *should* have the boosted transfer speed since it is coming from your SDD into a nvme port.
He said he has a SATA3 connection in the laptop. He is asking about attaching an M.2 SSD to that via an adapter. It's pointless.
Not sure why you talk about SATA to M.2 the other way (i.e. M.2 connection on laptop) since you'd then just buy the appropriate M.2 SSD device not a 2.5" SSD with an adapter.
Even if you could do it via SATA SSD to adapter to M.2 connection you would be slower, not faster. You can't exceed the SATA SSD drive performance and additionally you would be limited by the converter's speed.
*so to be clear, ONLY buy a device that works directly with the connection you have. SATA for SATA, and M.2 for M.2.
(and not all M.2 devices work on all M.2 connections. Some are M.2 PCIe only, and some are M.2 SATA, and some support both... M.2 SATA and just normal SATA are different things)