MacOS is, at its core, still based on Unix; Unix has always been more sensitive to extremely full disks. Perhaps the actual issue here is that Unix, being more powerful than Windows, is able to fill every last nook and cranny of the disk until its ability to function is compromised, where Windows would not allow that.
Macs have a "target mode," I'm not certain if it still exists on new models but it did back in the Intel Mac days. You'd boot the Mac while holding the T key for Target mode, and then the Firewire port would host the system's SSD as an external device. Meaning, if you then plugged your Mac into another system using a Firewire cable, the Mac's internal SSD would be accessible that way. Attaching your Mac to another Mac, it even allows you to unlock the disk's encryption on the other Mac. There's also the option to boot the system from a Linux flash drive and access the internal drive that way, but only if the drive is not encrypted.