Any custom configurations on your PC? Overclocked it?
How dusty was it in your PC? Ever blow it out? What kind of cooling system are you running? What fan was making the noise (and type)?
Sounds like something got hot in there and the fans weren't able to cool it.
What broke afterwards?
If it was me? I'd try to recreate the problem and see what is getting hot and why?
- Clean interior of PC of all crud. (I've seen some nasty PC's in my day.)
- There should be some diagnostic tools to check the temp sensors on your PC.
- Run a graphic benchmark test, and watch the heat levels on your PC.
- If that doesn't overheat the system, then plug in the HTC vive and some software and keep monitoring the system.
Whatever overheats.. fix that cooling. (check the fans, etc..)
Simple enough...
Oh, and as should go unstated.. if the PC starts to overheat, stop the test, and maybe have an extra exterior fan to blow on whatever part is cooking.