You have all kinds of issues here. First there is no standard phone or mobile broadband methods. This is why you see terms like 3g or 4g or LTE. It is extremely hard to get a device that will have the radio equipment to be compatible with all systems. This is why most times you use external modems that are matched to the carrier. The sims maybe standard but the radios and data methods are not.
In addition when you talk phone calls they use completely different radio chips and frequencies. Your laptop like most data only devices likely does not contain them. Systems that use CDMA rather than GSM do not even really use sim chips the function is still built into the cdma chips.
You only real option is to go to data based VoIP app. There are many but one of the common ones you used to see was magicjack This is just a example there are likely better options. It is not used much because data is seldom really unlimited so it tends to be used more over wifi than over mobile data.
I am somewhat surprised you even got that to work at all. The phone companies are not stupid and they sell data only plans for much much more than plans they sell for phones. They even have plans that cost different that run on basic phones compared to high end phones because the high end devices can use more data. They can't be dumb enough to let people buy a $10/month plan designed for small devices which can't use much data and put it in a high end phone to avoid the $50/month charge. It is extremely rare to find a unlimited plan on data only devices. They know people can use these on pc and download many 100s or gigbytes per month.
Be very careful the fine print in their contract may say they do not prevent you from doing this but you agree to pay a different data rate when you do this. You may get a large unexpected bill at the end of the month.