I bet you my life's saving (if I had any 😀) a 1980 turntable knows nothing about nothing optical. Don't believe everything you read on the Internet.
Very simple. a 1980 turntable has a PHONO OUT, and it's meant to be hooked up to an amplifier/receiver jack labeled PHONO-IN. In the event that amp/receiver don't have PHONO-IN like most modern amp/receiver, you can insert an inexpensive PHONO PREAMPLIFIER, so:
Turntable -----> Phono Preamp -----> amp/receiver (LINE-IN/AUX/CD).
So your BOSE, MUST, MANDATORY have a LINE-IN/AUX/CD jack.
In a pinch, you can buy an Analog-to-Digital converter if your BOSE doesn't have the above but has Toslink-iNput.