Not really. The ISP is in control of any data your router is receiving. If the connection to your house is full and the ISP discards say your game traffic and sends windows update traffic instead what can your router do. Your router can not magically recreate data it never received and give it more priority.
Now some very advanced QoS in routers that can control download rates to a fixed value you might be able to do something. You try to limit all other traffic except the one ip address you want to some lower rate. This in theory should leave some unused bandwidth. This is really a hack hoping the end device will request less. What your router does is actually discard even more traffic that it received and used up your...