The general chassis detail provided is max GPU length. 4090 can be quite long so you have to fit that first. The more difficult problem is now the width. These cards are very wide and often have power connectors that come off the side, so you need more room than even the card's width for the side panel to go on without pinching the cable.
Full towers gain a lot of height and depth, but not always width, so you have to quite certain what you pick out.
Vertical mount can be the solution to a lot problems, but you still have to keep chassis width in mind, you don't want the fans pressing up against a solid tempered glass panel.