With OEM, it is licensed for that machine and that machine only. When it is installed it takes a snapshoot of sorts of the hardware. Most things can be upgraded, but once you change out the Motherboard, that changes the whole thing and it thinks you are installing it in a different machine that it is not licensed for. You can get a new License from Microsoft. Withe Retail copy, you can move it from machine to machine, BUT, it can only be installed in one machine at a time. The OS I am using is Retail. I had it on a Different Hdd in the Hot swap bay in my Gateway. The Hdd that came in the machine has Vista on it ( I was dual booting ). When I built this thing in the fall of '11, I just pulled the Hdd with Windows 7 and installed it in here. No problem. I just Upgrade the Motherboard and Processor and still no problem. I was asked how many machines it was installed in and i said just this one, which is true. Again, no problem. You can detect the new hardware in the BiOS, but you still have the signature from the original build which that has nothing to do with.