it will display the same amount of information but will be physically larger and information on screen will be bigger. windows does not care nor know how physically large your display is only what resolution it needs to display the information at.
if you want more information on screen (more icons, etc) you will need to up your resolution. keep in mind this will also make things look smaller to your eye unless you also up your monitor size by the same ratio at the same time.
you could always run three 2560x1600 monitors in portrait mode. that would give you 4800x2560 compared with your current 5040x1050 that would decrease your width by 5% and increase height by 143%.
another option is running two 4k (3840x2160) displays in portrait mode. this would give you 4320x3840 which is a 14% decrease in width but 265% increase in height. in landscape, 7680x2160, you would have a 35% increase in height and 77% increase in width.