on top of what theonerm2 said I will help clarify some things.
Ultra settings is purely a benchmark thing and not a real world thing, since there a some settings that when turned to ultra do absolutely nothing to the visuals that you can perceive without taking high rez screen shots and looking at them side by side.
These settings I speak of tend to not look any better than when on High preset, but they WILL drop your fps dramatically.
Also, saying what you said about the 9600K "sufficing" is WAY out there. It's MORE than enough CPU to handle the latest titles.
You would do just fine with an overclocked 6700K (I should know, cuz that's what I currently have) and then for the resolution at higher FPS you want a 1080ti or 2080 like the above poster said.
If you go with the used market, then a 1080ti is best since it'll save you money.
But if buying new, I would still get the 1080ti since there's been some serious issues with the 20 series being bad and dying really fast and needing to be RMA'd.
I would wait until Nvidia and the AIB's get their stuff in check and fix the issues before buying. But it's up to you.
Honestly, the extra two cores doesn't justify the extra $140 for the 9700K.
Since neither is hyperthreaded, you are literally paying another $140 for only 2 more cores. Not worth it.
So if you're dead set on 9th gen and one of those two CPU's then get the 9600K.
So to sum it up:
9600K + GTX 1080ti/2080
Play games at high to very high preset with average 100fps at 1440p.
again like stated above, depends on the games.
Some of the newest AAA titles are extremely hard to run at really high graphic settings and 1440p with high FPS.
Other AAA titles are well optimized and can have settings nearly maxed and will run near or even above 144fps at 1440p.
In my experience, Shadow of the Tomb Raider, AC: Origins/Oddyssey, The Division, and GRW are really hard to maintain over 100fps at high/very high presets.
Fiddling with graphic settings to turn down unimportant graphical features in order to keep others higher in order to get best quality with high fps is what you will obviously need to do and if you've been a PC gamer for a while, chances are you already do this just like the rest of us.
But getting an average 100fps in some of these titles is already awesome and with a G-Sync monitor is the smoothest experience ever.
If you have some more detailed questions about some minute things feel free to ask and I will do my best to provide you with answers based on either my own experiences, or with knowledge shared by the community.