Question Tower system power cuts out with a click sound ?

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Richard1234

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Aug 18, 2016
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Hi,
I built a system based on extensive advice from Aeacus over a year ago, namely https://forums.tomshardware.com/threads/new-build-questions.3836713/

System Specs
MSI ACE mobo
RYZEN 7950X3D CPU
RTX 4060 GPU
Corsair DDR5 RAM
Enthoo Pro case
Prime TX-1600 PSU
Dark Rock Pro 5 cooler
Noctua A14 fans

everything has been fine till now, but a recurring problem has emerged.

I have been doing a lot of backups of mainly 2T magnetic drives, and also verifying the copies are correct, over several days.
some backups can take more than 12 hours. so the machine has been under heavier use than normal for many days.

as I am trying to migrate my storage from USB2 enclosed sata magnetic drives to USB3 drives, mostly magnetic but a few SSDs, eg 5T magnetic USB3 ones, and 4T SSDs, and some 2T and 1T SSDs.

whilst one of some 490gigabytes was verifying, I went for a walk, and returned to find the PC had powered down. the lights on the Corsair ram was on. But I couldnt wake up the machine. Eventually I tried to power it off with the power switch at the top of the the Enthoo and nothing happened. so I powered it off at the mains.

now what happens is sometimes it will boot like now, but at some point there is a click from the machine and the power goes, but the Corsair rainbow lights continue. Other times the power cuts out before it reaches the boot options. It is quite frustrating.

I tried powering off all the USB hubs, as I have three USB3 hubs with 10 ports each, ie 30 USB3 sockets via hubs and more than 20 are in use, but at any time I might just use maybe 4 of those. the others are connected up but are powered off. I have the Sabrent 10 hubs. Items are powered off at the mains switch if mains powered, or at the hub socket switch if powered by the hub. The idea being to minimise attaching and detaching as that wears out the contacts and the hub becomes junk.

and also detached the sata cables to 2 magnetic drives in the tower in case any of these was the cause of the problem. but the problem persists, I can power up sometimes like now, but at some point there is a click from inside the machine and the power goes, but the Corsair memory modules rainbow lights continue. And the power button at the top of the machine doesnt work to power off fully.

I cant determine where the click is coming from.
 
So, when you now replace 148W GPU with 644W, that would bring it to 835.32W. But that is WITHOUT any HDDs.

Also, i don't know what other components you're planning to use. But i listed you the power draw of all your MoBo ports:
ok, I have placed an order for the 1000W cyberpower UPS, and it will arrive tomorrow 9th July,
sold by CCL, much faster delivery than the other firm which took forever, and is free delivery.

I opted for the 3 year 3rd party protection also, as that covers accidental damage and they might repair it at home.

if I use more power, then if it say is reaching 850W or higher, I'll remove items using the power itemisation you gave, coordinated also with the power meter for the house. the specific power usages are complicated, where I would have to scrutinise the system, but it should be easier to just subtract out unnecessaries.

I made a screenshot of the itemisation so I can find it easier.

I decided the 1000W is then probably sufficient, we know it is probably quiet when no power cut,

and the price is reasonable. also the weight isnt so severe at 11kg.

main problem I can see is their business software is probably tricky to use, as in the youtube vid it looks similar to the one I tried, where it was near impossible. with options everywhere, none of which worked! total confusion.

but I think it probably will work out of the box without any customisation.

if it is noisy, then I'll return it and will open it very carefully so it is returnable, and wont remove the panel covering until I know for sure its good


BTW I found I did have some power cables from the UPS I bought a long time ago, which I never used.
I junked that one but I still have the box, which is "Trust 800 UPS Energy Protector" which I think I bought from Staples in town.

those UPS to UK converters arrived a few days ago, 10 years after ordering them!
 
and he said Seasonic now prefer to deal with warranties directly with customers, and not via sellers
Well, that much is also written in the Seasonic RMA procedure that i linked to you,
link: https://seasonic.com/rma-policy/

main problem I can see is their business software is probably tricky to use, as in the youtube vid it looks similar to the one I tried, where it was near impossible. with options everywhere, none of which worked! total confusion.
Why do you want to use the Business edition of the software? 🙄 I've told you countless of times that there is Personal edition as well, which to use.

Personal edition is shown at 25:48 in the video.
Business edition is shown at 31:58 in the video.

(I'll reply to other inquiries at later date.)
 
Well, that much is also written in the Seasonic RMA procedure that i linked to you,
link: https://seasonic.com/rma-policy/
but that says "Warranty claims should be initiated through your regional retailer." which is what I did, so the info contradicts what the seller says, namely:

"Please note that Seasonic has recently updated their RMA policy, making it more difficult for suppliers to handle warranty claims on behalf of customers. They now operate a direct end-user warranty service, which means they prefer to deal with customers directly for any warranty-related issues."

what they "prefer" is irrelevant to me! so what if they prefer X or Y, that has nothing at all to do with me.


Why do you want to use the Business edition of the software? 🙄 I've told you countless of times that there is Personal edition as well, which to use.

because I presumed that if something is there it must be there to be used!

I forgot that in this modern era, things are there to ensure everything goes wrong! like when I made the mistake of upgrading my Samsung Ultra 24 to the AI version, and now Samsung Dex doesnt function, so to move photos to the desktop wirelessly I have to go through a Microsoft account, so Microsoft can look at all my photos.

there are literally thousands of people online angry about this, some saying they'll never buy Samsung again!

Personal edition is shown at 25:48 in the video.
Business edition is shown at 31:58 in the video.

(I'll reply to other inquiries at later date.)

the item in fact will be Thursday because of incompetence by amazon, where they didnt verify the payment, as the card I use always takes app verification for purchases. so I returned to find an email saying problem with your payment, item wont arrive tomorrow. I noticed in recent times that amazon purchases just assume a payment will go through with cards used before, and that does happen with some cards.

their selling page is malfunctioning variously, eg when I tried screenshotting the warranty extension terms before accepting these, it kept going to complete the sale without the warranty extension. where I then had to delete the basket contents and start again. It is just incompetently programmed, it shouldnt go to the next step unless you press a button which says something like "continue". instead it was responding to the screenshot click of the mouse.

you have to screenshot or print terms & conditions, because otherwise you dont know what you agreed to.
 
because I presumed that if something is there it must be there to be used!
I'll make it simple:

Business edition is for business use, where people are more knowledgeable to make sense of the software, so that they can use it.
Personal edition is for home use, where there is no need for higher understanding to use the software.

This is so for many software.
E.g Windows. There is Enterprise edition and there is Home edition. Enterprise edition is far more complex to use than Home edition.
Same with GNU/Linux distros. Debian and Xandros are far more complex to use than e.g Linux Mint or Ubuntu.

like when I made the mistake of upgrading my Samsung Ultra 24 to the AI version, and now Samsung Dex doesnt function, so to move photos to the desktop wirelessly I have to go through a Microsoft account, so Microsoft can look at all my photos.
If you don't want your pictures to be seen by 3rd party, don't use your mobile phone for that. Instead use proper camera to take pics.
These things: https://www.tomsguide.com/us/best-cameras,review-2196.html

Smart phone is a great tool for others to monitor what you are doing. Best surveillance tool ever invented. :ouimaitre:

I also have Samsung phone, but mine is A52S 5G. And i don't use it to log into any of my profiles/accounts. Instead, it is for making calls, sending SMS and taking pics of my doggo, which i copy/paste to my PC directly, using charging cable (physical connection to PC). This way, even my pics aren't shared to the Micro$oft.

yes, but it has to arise somewhere for the first time, and that could be us.
It is naive to think that humans are 1st intelligent beings in the universe. That notion comes from the human desire of superiority. E.g "we are 1st", "we are best", "we are only ones" etc.

eg the americans were the first country to land on the moon. Russia was the first in outer space, namely Yuri Gagarin.
Americans weren't the 1st ones to land on the moon. Russians (Soviet Union) was. Luna 2 landed on the moon 1st, in 1959. Luna 9 landed on the moon in 1966. While USA Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969. In 1970, USSR put 1st lunar rover on moon.

also only humans have developed civilisation on this planet even after 3.22 billion years of land life. this makes it very likely we are the first ones in the universe.

scientists believe the universe is maybe 13.8 billion years old, land life is 3.22 billion years old, so there isnt a lot of time for other intelligent life to have evolved elsewhere in the universe. we may well be the first. the 2nd might be in 2 billion years, 500 million miles away!
It is believed that universe itself id 13.8 billion years old, while earth formed 4.5 billion years ago and land life began 3.48 billion years ago.

Now, from initial 13.8 to 4.5, when earth formed, there is a nice gap of 9.3 billion years, where other planets did form well before Earth did.
Oldest planet that humans have discovered, is PSR B1620-26 b, also nicknamed Methuselah, which is estimated to be 12.7 billion years old. That planet has 8.2 billion years head start over Earth. That's nearly twice the time Earth has been around. And given how fast humans have evolved, there surely are FAR more advanced lifeforms and intelligence out there, than humans are (due to head start they got since their planet formed FAR earlier).

So, no. Humans are not the 1st intelligent beings in the universe. And anyone who thinks that, is naive.
Just because humans haven't found other intelligent beings as of yet, doesn't make humans 1st.

ETs not visiting us here, is also easily explained: we are totally evolved for our specific conditions eg air pressure, gravity, when astronauts remain in space, their bodies start to deteriorate, and after a longer time in space, when they return they cant even walk.
It is easy to create Earth-like conditions in space. Gravity is easy to generate. All you need, is ring-like habitat, that spins around, thus creating artificial gravity due to centrifugal force. The faster it spins - the higher the gravity. So, it is easy to create 1G for a space ship. And once you have that, add propulsion and shielding for outside threats and you have an ark, that can go vast distances, colonizing the universe and discovering other intelligent life.

So, when humans can come up with this, other intelligent beings can do the same. Only issue would be speed to travel at (since it takes a LONG time to cover vast distances, even at speed of light. But for that, there can be generation ships.

if ETs arrive here, the conditions will be wrong for them, so they would either deteriorate or have to live in bubbles, not worth travelling 10 years for that!
Humans in nature, are exploratory. So could be other intelligent beings. And for reasons, it may take as little to know what is out there. To discover new places.

Heck, many people travel to other cities/countries for leisure and not solely for personal monetary gain.
Might as well ask why humans did travel to the moon. It is just a dust ball in space, while costing billions to develop and construct the space rockets. 0 monetary gain. You could very well argue as of why to spend millions and billions for space travel, while in the same time, that money could be used to better the lives of people living on this planet (e.g better roads, more schools, healthcare etc).

we are existentially trapped in reality, whether or not it is a simulation, but we arent existentially trapped in a computer one. eg you cannot eat food in a computer simulation. it could maybe create the visuals, but it cannot supply you the nutrients of energy and minerals!

so at some point the fakeness will always surface. also you can just restart the game, but with reality you cannot restart, many decisions are irreversible. no second chance!
We could very well be inside the computer program. Where physical body is hooked to the machine, to keep it alive, but mind is in the simulated reality. And what you do and think, is perceived by your brain that it is real.

Coma patients is one example. Outer body is hooked to the machines and kept alive, while person themselves are unresponsive. Yet, there is some brain activity. Who is there to tell, that coma patient isn't in the simulated reality, generated by their own brain, at that time?
Scientists are currently researching ways of using virtual reality technology to help the coma patients to wake up from their state of mind, to bring them back in our reality.

even in 1989, people were trying to put realism in programs, but it would always be something very specific eg your arcade game, as each such thing has to be programmed in, and nobody can program in everything.

when you drive a car, bits of grit get caught in the tyre tread, will they simulate that?

if I hit the grit with a hammer, will it crumble?
For a Type III, Type II or even Type I civilization, it would be peanuts to simulate even the very minute details.
For simulation PC games, one needs plenty of CPU compute power. The bigger and more in-depth simulation it is - the more compute power it needs.

Just look at how much the PCs have evolved for the past 80 or so years.
First computers, e.g ENIAC, were able to do 5000 additions per second.
While currently, the fastest computer, El Capitan, is rated for 1742 petaFLOPS (peak 2746.38 petaFLOPS). 1 petaFLOP = one quadrillion (10^15) floating-point operations per second.

Now, i don't know how much compute power is needed to simulate our universe, but info from the net shows that to simulate the universe at a detailed level, it might require a computational power on the order of 10^90 to 10^100 floating point operations per second (FLOPS). Or 1 googolFLOPS. 1 googol = 10^100.

If so, our fastest computer, is 15% on the way there. 10^15 vs 10^100. And we aren't even Type I civilization, let alone Type II or Type III.

Given that computers have been around ~100 years and we are already 15% way there, for 100%, it would take ~570 years more to reach that kind of compute speed. Given that the computers compute rate increases in the same rate as it has thus far.

If you now read what i wrote above of other planets in universe having a lot earlier head start, up to 8.2 billion years, compared to Earth, then there very well can be intelligent life out there, who is well advanced into a state, where they are capable of simulating our perceived reality, down to the very minute details.
After all, at the current rate of human computer development, it would take us ~670 years total, to reach 1 googolFLOPS in compute power. And ~670 years is peanuts in the 8.2 billion years, other planets have head start over Earth.

I can keep pushing the simulation till eventually it will break. whereas reality will never break!
It would be reasonable to think that any CPU that has to compute and simulate something, eventually makes an error and produces a glitch in the simulation.

If so, then how can you explain the glitches in our reality (aka glitches in the Matrix)?
Few such examples include: black holes, cosmic strings, dark matter, quantum tunneling and to some extent déjà vu.


And then, there is the question of multiverse.
Rather than having only one universe, there are multiple. If so, they all can be simulated as well.
Just like our current computers can simulate several different scenarios at once. Whereby the multiverse is simulated and our universe is just one part of the whole multiverse simulation.
 
I'll make it simple:

Business edition is for business use, where people are more knowledgeable to make sense of the software, so that they can use it.
Personal edition is for home use, where there is no need for higher understanding to use the software.

This is so for many software.
E.g Windows. There is Enterprise edition and there is Home edition. Enterprise edition is far more complex to use than Home edition.
Same with GNU/Linux distros. Debian and Xandros are far more complex to use than e.g Linux Mint or Ubuntu.
ok, I didnt know they had such a scheme with Linux, I just thought some versions of Linux were much better than others!

If you don't want your pictures to be seen by 3rd party, don't use your mobile phone for that. Instead use proper camera to take pics.
These things: https://www.tomsguide.com/us/best-cameras,review-2196.html
the thing is I have a proper camera, from 2012, which is 18 megapixels, but my samsung s24 ultra is 200 megapixels and much better colour! so recently I have used it.
as an example, with my unlimited replacement deal for my logitech MX Keys S keyboard, I put all kinds of stickers as to special functions, and shortcuts.

so when it needed replacing, I photographed it with the proper camera, and it was no good. barely legible. I then copied out by hand what the stickers were. then the shop said they didnt have any in stock, take it to their other branch at the other side of bristol. then went to a cafe, and decided to try photographing with the smartphone, and everything really visible, you could read all the stickers everything. so the optics of the smartphone are much better. The camera of course can take wide angle, and other special lenses which the smartphone cannot. but eg for ebay listings I now use the smartphone because so much better.

Smart phone is a great tool for others to monitor what you are doing. Best surveillance tool ever invented. :ouimaitre:
and with AI, the software will spy on everything where nothing is missed. before AI they had to focus on troublemakers as they couldnt spy on every person, but now they can.


I also have Samsung phone, but mine is A52S 5G. And i don't use it to log into any of my profiles/accounts. Instead, it is for making calls, sending SMS and taking pics of my doggo, which i copy/paste to my PC directly, using charging cable (physical connection to PC). This way, even my pics aren't shared to the Micro$oft.
now I did eventually find that someone in Korea has done an app called "Send Anywhere" which does allow one to send the photos wirelessly even if not on the internet. so I have managed now to send the photos and vids to my PC. previously I had to email them as attachments to myself and then receive my emails on the PC


It is naive to think that humans are 1st intelligent beings in the universe. That notion comes from the human desire of superiority. E.g "we are 1st", "we are best", "we are only ones" etc.
I dont think its naive! there is no logic or evidence to say we are or arent. its all conjecture and guesswork.

no other species on this planet has developed intelligence, and they have had the same 3 billion years. so we could be the first. it doesnt happen often, there are millions of species on this planet, look how many breeds of dog, but only humans have developed civilisation.

someone has to be first, could be us.

Americans weren't the 1st ones to land on the moon. Russians (Soviet Union) was. Luna 2 landed on the moon 1st, in 1959. Luna 9 landed on the moon in 1966. While USA Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969. In 1970, USSR put 1st lunar rover on moon.
but did the russians ever send a person to the moon? I thought even to this day only the US has put a person on the moon.

It is believed that universe itself id 13.8 billion years old, while earth formed 4.5 billion years ago and land life began 3.48 billion years ago.

Now, from initial 13.8 to 4.5, when earth formed, there is a nice gap of 9.3 billion years, where other planets did form well before Earth did.
Oldest planet that humans have discovered, is PSR B1620-26 b, also nicknamed Methuselah, which is estimated to be 12.7 billion years old. That planet has 8.2 billion years head start over Earth. That's nearly twice the time Earth has been around. And given how fast humans have evolved,
humans havent evolved fast! humanoids have been around maybe 2 million years. civilisation has evolved quickly since around 1880, but not humans, not much change since then, and 99.999% of humans dont participate in the "civilisation" the technology is controlled by a small number of firms. eg Samsung, Intel, etc.
the rest of us are onlookers, where we can buy and use the technology, but we dont have a hope in hell of creating such technology. could you create a CD starting from nothing?


there surely are FAR more advanced lifeforms and intelligence out there, than humans are (due to head start they got since their planet formed FAR earlier).

that is a wishy washy handwaving argument, its not based on any logic or evidence. its like saying there must be a lot of millionaires in bristol because so many people, some must be millionaires. but that isnt proper logic.

apart from identical twins, each animal and person is different, ie each is a different version of life. so its tricky to conclude anything.

So, no. Humans are not the 1st intelligent beings in the universe. And anyone who thinks that, is naive.
Just because humans haven't found other intelligent beings as of yet, doesn't make humans 1st.
doesnt make them not first either, it is all totally inconclusive. without proper logic its not science. with science you have to use the null hypothesis until you can show otherwise, where the null hypothesis is the unremarkable explanation, eg there is no god, there is no life anywhere else in the universe.

once you show evidence of god or life elsewhere, then the null hypothesis is rejected.

as soon as you conjecture it is no longer science. now science isnt everything, and is in fact very limited. a lot of people confuse technology with science. computers arent science, but are technology. science is about the pre-existing universe. technology is when you create new things, eg a clock, or a wheelbarrow.


It is easy to create Earth-like conditions in space. Gravity is easy to generate. All you need, is ring-like habitat, that spins around, thus creating artificial gravity due to centrifugal force. The faster it spins - the higher the gravity.
its not the same as actual gravity! I dont think it will fool the body. also you have to be on the inside of the ring, and you might not have noticed but we live on an approx 2D surface, whereas a ring is 1D, its not satisfactory.

unless you have a huge radius you'll get a problem of dizziness. as the cochlea of the ear will detect the rotation. I think you have been watching 2001 AD a space odyssey too much!

if it was so easy how come they dont do it at all!

So, it is easy to create 1G for a space ship. And once you have that, add propulsion and shielding for outside threats and you have an ark, that can go vast distances, colonizing the universe and discovering other intelligent life.
yes, but there is a philosophical problem with this. you go around the universe looking for something. Now you need to find that something otherwise its a failed mission. Once you find your utopia, you then settle there.
and you stop searching around.

We already have this planet here, but most people never leave their postal district, yet they want to explore other planets!

first explore this one, there is more stuff on this planet than you could explore in a 100 lifetimes.

do you even know how expensive it is just to get to Mars?

just the unmanned missions cost more than $1 billion

its not economically viable.

the journey also is seriously claustrophic, its like being in a broomcupboard for weeks, you'll go stir crazy!

most people who enthuse about space travel do this because of scifi. but do you know that scifi was just a brainwashing agenda done via culture to get people to accept the ginormous costs of space exploration?

eg Star Trek, Dan Dare and all the other such fictions. which began probably 1950s. Real outerspace is very bleak, there is nothing out there for us. Star Trek etc are myths!


So, when humans can come up with this,

but humans havent done this, only talked about it eg the film 2001 a space odyssey. which was long before 2001 as it presented 2001 as the distant future where such things would be happening.


other intelligent beings can do the same.

not necessarily, intelligent beings might evolve their ability rather than make it with machines. eg whales and elephants are far more intelligent than humans and dont use technology. a really intelligent being accepts things as they are. it is the frustrated person who searches around.

its known that the people who reach a really old age, eg say 90 or 95, that these are very unadventurous people. they always do the same stuff every day, they dont travel etc.


Only issue would be speed to travel at (since it takes a LONG time to cover vast distances, even at speed of light. But for that, there can be generation ships.
yes, but this is going to be incredibly tedious. have you even seen some of the nicer tropical places on this planet? if you lived there, you'd never choose to go on some generation ship.

as I said, all this stuff is from scifi brainwashing. You've been reading too much stuff that was creating a myth to make people accept NASA spending too much money on status projects.

all that has been done so far is the Mir space station, its just not viable to do much. most efforts these days are unmanned. the americans have never even created a space station, they just borrow Mir from Russia.

Humans in nature, are exploratory.
I disagree! most humans arent exploratory, a lot of young people play mindless video games, take recreational drugs, and spend most of their time looking at their smartphones. I dont see much exploration.

their exploration is only to find the nearest pub.

So could be other intelligent beings. And for reasons, it may take as little to know what is out there. To discover new places.

Heck, many people travel to other cities/countries for leisure and not solely for personal monetary gain.
some do, I have, most dont. it requires a lot of initiative just to go on a holiday. as a kid we did go on many, but that is because my mother having grown up in WW2, where everything was limited, now went to the other extreme to explore more ambitiously. but it requires time, planning, motivation. net effect is only a thin margin of people go on holidays.

I think with the internet there will be much less holidaying, as people get trapped in the internet.


Might as well ask why humans did travel to the moon. It is just a dust ball in space, while costing billions to develop and construct the space rockets. 0 monetary gain. You could very well argue as of why to spend millions and billions for space travel, while in the same time, that money could be used to better the lives of people living on this planet (e.g better roads, more schools, healthcare etc).
I agree, putting man on the moon was mostly a chest thumping status symbol, largely a propaganda initiative to not be outdone by the soviet onion.

We could very well be inside the computer program. Where physical body is hooked to the machine, to keep it alive, but mind is in the simulated reality. And what you do and think, is perceived by your brain that it is real.
problem with that is it just pushes reality out a level. eg the machine you mention is then the real reality.

its like saying the universe was created by god. but then who created god? another god? who created that god? so either it goes on forever, or there is a final god or reality which is eternal.

I prefer the idea that this reality is just a dream, but a higher quality dream than when we sleep.

reincarnation then is where we wake up and then sleep again. each day is a kind of reincarnation, as we feel different from the previous day.


Coma patients is one example. Outer body is hooked to the machines and kept alive, while person themselves are unresponsive. Yet, there is some brain activity. Who is there to tell, that coma patient isn't in the simulated reality, generated by their own brain, at that time?
Scientists are currently researching ways of using virtual reality technology to help the coma patients to wake up from their state of mind, to bring them back in our reality.


For a Type III, Type II or even Type I civilization, it would be peanuts to simulate even the very minute details.

I doubt it, as mentioned just a mere bacteria has 700000 DNA bases, and there could be millions of bacteria in a drop of water. it will never be viable to simulate by computer. we dont even know all the chemical reactions in a bacteria, so we cannot simulate what we dont know! someone got a nobel prize just for elucidating the structure of one molecule, haemoglobin. There are literally 100000s of molecules in each cell.

there is also the problem of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, that this reality is never precisely specified. whereas computer simulations have to precisely specify things. the future is indeterminate. all we can say is probabilities, via Shroedinger's equation. I did a second year course on this, where we got 2 to 1 tutorials and the tutor had worked at CERN in Switzerland.

For simulation PC games, one needs plenty of CPU compute power. The bigger and more in-depth simulation it is - the more compute power it needs.

Just look at how much the PCs have evolved for the past 80 or so years.
First computers, e.g ENIAC, were able to do 5000 additions per second.
While currently, the fastest computer, El Capitan, is rated for 1742 petaFLOPS (peak 2746.38 petaFLOPS). 1 petaFLOP = one quadrillion (10^15) floating-point operations per second.

Now, i don't know how much compute power is needed to simulate our universe, but info from the net shows that to simulate the universe at a detailed level, it might require a computational power on the order of 10^90 to 10^100 floating point operations per second (FLOPS). Or 1 googolFLOPS. 1 googol = 10^100.

If so, our fastest computer, is 15% on the way there. 10^15 vs 10^100. And we aren't even Type I civilization, let alone Type II or Type III.
things that make you go "hmmm!"

10^15 isnt 15% of 10^100!

10^15 is 10^15/10^100/100% = 10^(15-100-2)% = 10^(-87)% = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000001%
!
(plus or minus one or two zeros!)

one practical problem with these computers is the heat, it is possible the floods in Texas are caused by Musks computers affecting the weather!


Given that computers have been around ~100 years and we are already 15% way there, for 100%, it would take ~570 years more to reach that kind of compute speed. Given that the computers compute rate increases in the same rate as it has thus far.
again this is handwaving, although computers have kept doubling in power, that cannot go on indefinitely, you eventually reach the limits of reality. Moore's law isnt science!

one problem eg with disk storage, is that it becomes very time consuming to properly utilise the storage. eg to backup and then verify a PC drive, could take 10 hours. The faster drives are much more expensive.

also although computers are so fast, it takes ages for my ones to boot!

in fact when my machine has booted, I have to select the version of Windows, and then sign in, where I dont use a password, and it takes many seconds just to do this.

another problem is the heat, that the computers create heat, this is a big problem with AI centres.

there are AI generated people now creating vids on Youtube, and they never fool me. they always look too simple to be for real.


If you now read what i wrote above of other planets in universe having a lot earlier head start, up to 8.2 billion years, compared to Earth, then there very well can be intelligent life out there, who is well advanced into a state, where they are capable of simulating our perceived reality, down to the very minute details.
After all, at the current rate of human computer development, it would take us ~670 years total, to reach 1 googolFLOPS in compute power. And ~670 years is peanuts in the 8.2 billion years, other planets have head start over Earth.


It would be reasonable to think that any CPU that has to compute and simulate something, eventually makes an error and produces a glitch in the simulation.

If so, then how can you explain the glitches in our reality (aka glitches in the Matrix)?
Few such examples include: black holes, cosmic strings, dark matter, quantum tunneling and to some extent déjà vu.
you can explain these also without science, eg that this world is a dream. ultimate explanations are philosophical not scientific. science itself is the product of philosophy, hence when you get a phd it is a doctor of philosophy. plato had this idea that perfect maths could only be in the mind, reality was always imperfect. you can create a quality circle in reality eg with a compass. but if you scrutinise it, the circle is imperfect. he had this idea of the demiurge.

physics works with a perfect reality, but the actual reality is ALWAYS imperfect.

dark matter and black holes are just mathematical artefacts, its not necessarily the truth. By definition you cant "see" a black hole as it absorbs all light, which is very convenient for conjectures, as you can say anything. they say they have found some, but that could be handwaving. you have to assume their maths is true, but the prioblem is maths is always an approximation of the universe, even Plato knew that.

physicists are notorious for confusing their models of reality for reality itself. dark matter is just that the maths doesnt work, so they invent some fictional existence to make the maths work. its not proper science, but is in the conjectural realm.

physicists dont understand that maths isnt physics. physics relies on maths, but maths isnt part of physics. this results in a lot of confusion by physicists as they think maths is physics. the way physicists use maths is to approximate, and to ignore stuff. so eg they might approximate the sun to be a point mass, or to be a sphere. but it isnt a point mass nor a sphere, and is too complex to mathematically model exactly.

I specialised in pure maths at uni, and did the first year and some of the 2nd year applied maths which is the same as theoretical physics. and the stuff the applied maths people do would be prohibited in pure maths, its neither mathematics nor science, but involves loads of guessing and approximating etc.


And then, there is the question of multiverse.
Rather than having only one universe, there are multiple. If so, they all can be simulated as well.
Just like our current computers can simulate several different scenarios at once. Whereby the multiverse is simulated and our universe is just one part of the whole multiverse simulation.
I subscribe to the multiverse theory, but you cant just simulate them, firstly we dont know how many there are.

but also the problem is the multiverse is multi at each point, so it is beyond computation, as there are more multiverses than there are drops of water in the ocean. Can never be done. at each drop of water, there are many multiverses.

I think the central force is free will, where we have the ability to choose which multiverse we go to next. the physical universe is just an artefact of perception. and it looks different to each person. dogs hear much higher frequencies from humans, so what they hear in this universe is totally different from what we hear.

according to physics, entropy increases, but with life it decreases! when you drop a mirror it breaks into many pieces. theoretically those pieces could combine back into a mirror, but that doesnt happen.

but a person might do that! if a person breaks a mirror or mug, some people will put all the pieces together again using glue. archaeologists do this also with fossils.

so it does happen with life, life continually increases order, directly defying the laws of physics! so this suggests life is moving backwards in time, it is something moving in the opposite time of physical reality.

I subscribe to the idea that the entire universe is relative to the observer, so the distant universe is kind of meaningless, the way the universe works is the further away something is the more irrelevant it is, and things change more slowly further away. eg a plane in the distance will move very slowly relatively to you. the earth goes round the sun in 365 days. the moon nearer goes round approx 28 days.


 
ok, I didnt know they had such a scheme with Linux, I just thought some versions of Linux were much better than others!
Different GNU/Linux distros are like colors in rainbow or different types of vehicles (motorcycles, sports cars, minivans, trucks etc).
It is all about what one wants from the OS.

For few other examples;
Ubuntu Eee - Was specifically created to run on Asus Eee PC 701 and 1001 notebooks. Since i have that notebook (or you can call it a laptop with 9" screen), i used that OS for a while. Though, my laptop initially came with Xandros.
Xandros - Debian fork, that was created specifically for business use. Think of accountants and the like.
Debian - Barebones Linux. Difficult to learn for beginners. Best used for pros (who know Linux in-depth).
Lubuntu - Specifically created to run on old, low spec hardware. This is what is currently running on my laptop.
Linux Mint - Closest match to Windows. Great starting point when coming from Windows. I have it as bootable distro, on my recovery USB thumb drive.
Ubuntu - Also close to Windows, with key differences. 2nd option when coming from Windows. Usually best used once you've used Linux Mint a bit.

Full list of distros here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions

but did the russians ever send a person to the moon? I thought even to this day only the US has put a person on the moon.
Only Americans have walked on the moon. Other nations have sent robotic machines.

humans havent evolved fast! humanoids have been around maybe 2 million years. civilisation has evolved quickly since around 1880
There has been devolution in human civilization as well. Namely, there are plenty of structures that current science can't explain how or why they were constructed. To name the few: Giza pyramid, Nazca lines, Baalbek stones, Moai, Pumapunku.

And even to this date, many of them can not be created by the modern technology and science.

all that has been done so far is the Mir space station, its just not viable to do much. most efforts these days are unmanned. the americans have never even created a space station, they just borrow Mir from Russia.
I guess you haven't heard of ISS (International Space Station), which has been up there for the last 26 years now. 🙄
Further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station

Or the latest addition: Tiangong space station, which 1st module was sent up in 2021.
Further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station

I disagree! most humans arent exploratory, a lot of young people play mindless video games, take recreational drugs, and spend most of their time looking at their smartphones. I dont see much exploration.

their exploration is only to find the nearest pub.
In 2024, an estimated 1.4 billion tourists traveled internationally.
Source: https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-recovers-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024

That's essentially every 6th person in the world. So, a lot of people are traveling from one country to another. And if you include national travels as well, the number is far higher.
You can not look at the few blokes in your area, who doesn't travel and assume that the rest of the world's population does the same as those few do.

again this is handwaving, although computers have kept doubling in power, that cannot go on indefinitely, you eventually reach the limits of reality. Moore's law isnt science!
But there still exists values that are infinite. Prime example is the decimal representation of Pi.

Rational numbers can have decimal representations that either terminate or repeat.
E.g: 10 / 4 = 2.5 thus the decimal value terminates.
Or: 10 / 3 = 3.3333... where decimal value repeats. But since it does repeat, it can be written as 3.3 or 3.33.
But Pi, being irrational, does not repeat it's decimal value. And for simplicity sake, Pi is usually written as 3.14.

Pi is both infinite and finite.
Decimal representation of Pi is infinite.
But since Pi is a number between 3 and 4, it must be finite.

also although computers are so fast, it takes ages for my ones to boot!
CPU and it's compute speed is fast. What is slow, is the OS drive where the OS files are loaded from, to boot into the OS. Heck, even RAM is slow compared to the CPU compute speed.

You can make a simple speed comparison;
You have OS on M.2 drive (990 Pro if i recall correctly). Power on the build and time how many seconds it takes to POST, load OS and boot to OS. E.g to the point where you see log-in screen or desktop.
Now, clone your OS from M.2 drive to HDD, make it bootable, remove M.2 drive from the system and boot from the HDD. Time it again and look how much time it takes booting from HDD. You'd see a stark difference.
 
the UPS arrived just now approx 444pm, the thing is I have been waiting all day and need to bath and go shopping, so there will be some delays till I can set it up. so it could be tomorrow before I can post again on this.

the box is much easier to handle, where I moved it without trouble to near the table.


Different GNU/Linux distros are like colors in rainbow or different types of vehicles (motorcycles, sports cars, minivans, trucks etc).
It is all about what one wants from the OS.

For few other examples;
Ubuntu Eee - Was specifically created to run on Asus Eee PC 701 and 1001 notebooks. Since i have that notebook (or you can call it a laptop with 9" screen), i used that OS for a while. Though, my laptop initially came with Xandros.
Xandros - Debian fork, that was created specifically for business use. Think of accountants and the like.
Debian - Barebones Linux. Difficult to learn for beginners. Best used for pros (who know Linux in-depth).
Lubuntu - Specifically created to run on old, low spec hardware. This is what is currently running on my laptop.
Linux Mint - Closest match to Windows. Great starting point when coming from Windows. I have it as bootable distro, on my recovery USB thumb drive.
Ubuntu - Also close to Windows, with key differences. 2nd option when coming from Windows. Usually best used once you've used Linux Mint a bit.

Full list of distros here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions

I have made a screenshot of your answer for future reference. I wasnt aware of this, and I did find some install options of Linux Mint much worse than others.

eg Linux Mint install has an OEM version.

I have a specific install option which seems good on a flashdrive which I can boot the tower and the laptop from. as I sometimes need both running, I cloned the flashdrive so I can use both at the same time!


Only Americans have walked on the moon. Other nations have sent robotic machines.

There has been devolution in human civilization as well. Namely, there are plenty of structures that current science can't explain how or why they were constructed. To name the few: Giza pyramid, Nazca lines, Baalbek stones, Moai, Pumapunku.

And even to this date, many of them can not be created by the modern technology and science.


I guess you haven't heard of ISS (International Space Station), which has been up there for the last 26 years now. 🙄
Further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station
looking at the URL, that one is in collaboration with Russia though, its not a US only effort.

can astronauts live in that one?

I wasnt aware of that one as I was using info from radio programs I heard in 1997!

Or the latest addition: Tiangong space station, which 1st module was sent up in 2021.
Further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station


In 2024, an estimated 1.4 billion tourists traveled internationally.
Source: https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-recovers-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024

That's essentially every 6th person in the world.
Not necessarily! it is 1.4 billion arrivals, many of those will be the same person landing at different places, and when you take into account the return journey you probably have to halve that anyway. ie it becomes 0.7 billion arrivals of return journeys. but then also people might tour more than one place. so it may well be 1/20.

also not all those will be tourism, many will be business people, who do a lot of flying, hence eg frequent flier clubs that airlines do. a lot of passengers are business people, hence eg business class on planes.

so I am not convinced. the airline staff also will land at a lot of places as a year progresses. say they do 1 long flight a week, that also might have stopovers, so that could be 4 landings per week, 200 a year, if there are 8 staff on a plane, that is already 1600 international landings per year. now multiply by all the staff at an airline, and its a huge amount of flights just by the staff!

many people only get 1 month of holiday per year, so it isnt even feasible for them to do extensive tourism. my parents did interesting holidays because they were academics so got a long summer holiday and then 2 further holidays, that is one advantage of becoming an academic or becoming a teacher.

at best the data is inconclusive.

So, a lot of people are traveling from one country to another. And if you include national travels as well, the number is far higher.
You can not look at the few blokes in your area, who doesn't travel and assume that the rest of the world's population does the same as those few do.


But there still exists values that are infinite. Prime example is the decimal representation of Pi.
but pi isnt part of reality! we are back to plato, pi is part of the other world of the mind, where things are perfect, but in reality you never have pi. when you draw a circle with a compass it has a thickness, and the radius you give will be imperfect. if you make a circle out of metal, the radius will change with the temperature!

and the inner radius is different from the outer radius!

the temperature of the air changes as the day progresses! this is where eg hobbyist people make mistakes eg with floors, that the floor expands in the summer causing it to bulge upwards in the middle and creak if you walk around. I had a metal gate installed by some amateurs in the spring, and in the summer it jammed because they hadnt allowed for the expansion! part of quality engineering is being aware of the imperfections of reality and mitigating these.

Plato's concept was that reality is ALWAYS imperfect. perfection only occurs in our imagination. so we can calculate say the 20th digit of pi in our mind, perhaps assisted by paper and pen or a computer. but pi itself only occurs in our imagination.

with Plato there are 2 worlds, the world of the mind where everything is perfect, a point has zero width, you have pi etc, and then there is reality. the idea is the demiurge is maybe perfect, and had a perfect idea of creation, but whatever he did in reality was guaranteed to be imperfect, this is why reality is always flawed.

because people asked if god is perfect how come the creation is imperfect, and one answer is the demiurge is indeed perfect, but the reality he creates it within is imperfect, so whatever he does is flawed! he had to do something, so he created something impressive, but it was guaranteed to be imperfect.

eg with a PC, they can make a PC, but later they make an even better one, no matter how hard they try there are always imperfections. its the same with all physical things, that they are always imperfect. whether it is a house, or a car, or some PC equipment, or some fruits or a person. there are always problems.


Rational numbers can have decimal representations that either terminate or repeat.
E.g: 10 / 4 = 2.5 thus the decimal value terminates.
Or: 10 / 3 = 3.3333... where decimal value repeats. But since it does repeat, it can be written as 3.3 or 3.33.
But Pi, being irrational, does not repeat it's decimal value. And for simplicity sake, Pi is usually written as 3.14.

Pi is both infinite and finite.
Decimal representation of Pi is infinite.
But since Pi is a number between 3 and 4, it must be finite.
this is certainly true, but it nonetheless is in an idealised world of the mind, it doesnt exist out there in reality!

this is why imperial distances, ie inches, feet etc, often use 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, etc eg 2 1/4", because halving is the easiest to do by eye, eg by eye you can keep halving on either side to get say 5/8" or 7/8"


CPU and it's compute speed is fast. What is slow, is the OS drive where the OS files are loaded from, to boot into the OS. Heck, even RAM is slow compared to the CPU compute speed.

You can make a simple speed comparison;
You have OS on M.2 drive (990 Pro if i recall correctly). Power on the build and time how many seconds it takes to POST, load OS and boot to OS. E.g to the point where you see log-in screen or desktop.
Now, clone your OS from M.2 drive to HDD, make it bootable, remove M.2 drive from the system and boot from the HDD. Time it again and look how much time it takes booting from HDD. You'd see a stark difference.
but I think its not just the drives, because when I programmed the hardware directly, where the only hardware access was the floppy disk loading the program initially, it also took ages. I was always mystified by this, because I wrote the programming myself so I was in control, yet ages.

my tower ordinarly entirely uses M.2 drives, and it takes ages even to just reach where you can do the early startup. and a long time till I reach the options of which version of Windows, where if you select the current one it then goes to the login and then the desktop.

now my Samsung S24 Ultra does boot very fast. And the apps load very fast, with my Oukitel X1 phone, the banking app would take 10 years to boot, whereas the S24 takes a few seconds.

 
Different GNU/Linux distros are like colors in rainbow or different types of vehicles (motorcycles, sports cars, minivans, trucks etc).
It is all about what one wants from the OS.
I have connected up the UPS now, and its powering the PC and the monitor at the moment.

and it is totally silent!

and is much easier to get out of the box, I did turn the box upside down just to be sure, because sometimes the polystyrene breaks if you remove things directly.

very straightforward to move around also.

they have a warning sign to not lift it by the tiltable panel. At the moment I am leaving the plastic cover sheet on the panel.

I have connected it to the PC using the supplied USB B cable. but I havent yet downloaded or installed the software.

supplied with the machine is a cable from UK walls main to the power input of the machine, and looks like a cable from the machine for the PC, which I may install later as that will free up a plug on the multiplug, but it does mean the mains to the PC would be permanently on, I dont know if the PC PSU draws any small amount of power if it is connected to the mains? ordinarily I switch on the mains at the multiplug before I switch on the PC, where when not in use there is no mains to the PC.

I have connected the one multisocket to it, and will opt in items that are evaluated to be safe, with everything else on the other multisockets powered from the wall.

in this regard, are the following safe to be attached to the UPS via the multiplugs?

1. loudspeakers
2. optical drive (Pioneer drive which deals with triple and I think quad layer optical disks)
3. USB enclosures for WD Blue 2T magnetic sata drives.
4. power supply for my HP Laptop.
5. battery charger for Li-ion batteries of the 3D camcorder.

item 5. is more because if I run out of sockets on the multiplugs whether I can leave that on the multiplugs connected to the UPS.

the manual just says laser printers are unsafe, I presume then other printers are safe? otherwise why didnt they say "dont attach printers"?

I wont be attaching my ecotank printer as its in another room, ginormous machine which prints A3 also including A3 banners, but which I use wirelessly from a different room. A3 prints look really fantastic but only done a few, mostly A4s.

I do have a shredder but I will make sure to only use it from the other multiplugs.

so with any luck I can continue at last with my disk backup projects, as I was in the middle of those when the Seasonic malfunctioned, and I halted that work till now. but I probably will delay this for some more days.
 
Different GNU/Linux distros are like colors in rainbow or different types of vehicles (motorcycles, sports cars, minivans, trucks etc).
It is all about what one wants from the OS.
two other questions:

does the UPS only charge the battery when the power button on the UPS is on?

(with the mains to the UPS on)

because with the other one, it was silent when I connected it to the mains, but when I powered it on, then the fridge noise. so I wasnt sure if it was charging when plugged to the mains but not on at its own power switch.

I forgot in the other list of items, is it safe to connect the 10 socket USB3 hubs to the UPS?
 
and it is totally silent!
Told ya! :cheese:

I dont know if the PC PSU draws any small amount of power if it is connected to the mains?
When PC is powered off, full shut down, 0 life from PC, then PSU isn't pulling any power from the mains (or from the UPS when it is connected to it).
But when PC is in sleep or hibernation, PSU provides power to PC components (e.g CPU and RAM) to sustain that and in turn, pulls some power from the mains.

is it safe to connect the 10 socket USB3 hubs to the UPS?
Yes.

in this regard, are the following safe to be attached to the UPS via the multiplugs?

1. loudspeakers
2. optical drive (Pioneer drive which deals with triple and I think quad layer optical disks)
3. USB enclosures for WD Blue 2T magnetic sata drives.
4. power supply for my HP Laptop.
5. battery charger for Li-ion batteries of the 3D camcorder.
#1 i'm unsure about. Depends on the speaker specs.

#2 should be safe since it's an external ODD (Optical Disc Drive) and should be powered via USB.
I guess yours is similar to this one?
Specs: https://pioneer-blurayodd.eu/products/bdr-xd08tb/index.php

#3 are also safe. So are #4 and #5.

Though, besides the #3, do you need other hardware to be powered on when there is a blackout? Since the rest are specific use case and you can survive blackout without those.

Remember, UPSes idea is to keep the PC and monitor powered on when there is a blackout. So that you can save your work (or pause your backup copy, item #3) and then shut down the PC. I see no reason why would you need to have speakers and chargers connected to the UPS for blackout protection.

I too have plenty of hardware but only my PC (PSU) and monitor are hooked to my UPS. Speakers, printer and modem that i have, are not. Since i don't need them when there is a blackout.

In the end, your call what to plug to the UPS.

the manual just says laser printers are unsafe, I presume then other printers are safe? otherwise why didnt they say "dont attach printers"?
This is because laser printers need to heat up a fuser unit to bond toner to paper, which requires a substantial burst of energy. While inkjet printers also experience a temporary power surge during startup, it's generally less pronounced than in laser printers.

Inkjet printers, in standby mode, use 3W to 5W. But during printing, inkjet printers can consume 30W to 50W.
Laser printers, in standby mode, use ~10W. But during printing, laser printers can draw 600W or more, especially when the fuser is heating up.
Large-scale commercial printers or copiers may require dedicated circuits and consume upwards of 1500W during peak usage, with significant power draw during warm-up phases.

does the UPS only charge the battery when the power button on the UPS is on?

(with the mains to the UPS on)
Yes.

eg Linux Mint install has an OEM version.
There is no such thing as "OEM version install" for any of the GNU/Linux distros.

All distros that you can download, come in an *.iso file.
Which you can then either:
* burn to the DVD/blu-ray, to make a bootable disc
* use virtual ODD (e.g Daemon Tools) to mount the *.iso file (when installing the distro in the same system)
* or use dedicated tool (e.g Rufus or Universal USB Installer) to make a bootable version on USB thumb drive

There is a reason why GNU/Linux distros come in an *.iso file and not as a *.bat ; *.exe or *.msi installer.

*.iso is an archive, which you can look into and browse, just like any archive, *.zip ; *.rar ; *.7z etc. This makes hiding malware into it more difficult, since you can easily browse all the files in it. And one can not truly hide files within *.iso or *.7z, as they can in *.zip or *.rar or in the installer file.

An installer, under Windows, is defined as a program, that takes a directory of files in one nice neat place and spreads them all over your computer, with no hope of ever knowing where they all went. :pt1cable:
And it is very easy to hide malware in the installers. Heck, many malware are masked as legit installer, since file names can be easily modified and it matters 0 what name there is before the file extension. E.g "setup.exe". You have 0 clue if it is malware or legit.

looking at the URL, that one is in collaboration with Russia though, its not a US only effort.

can astronauts live in that one?
Yes they can.
Longest continuous stay on the ISS is 374 days by Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub.

Out of the 26 years, 7 months, 19 days in orbit (as of 9 July 2025), the ISS has been occupied for 24 years, 8 months, 7 days (as of 9 July 2025).

I wasnt aware of that one as I was using info from radio programs I heard in 1997!
While living under a rock has its merits, i'd advise against it.

but I think its not just the drives, because when I programmed the hardware directly, where the only hardware access was the floppy disk loading the program initially, it also took ages. I was always mystified by this, because I wrote the programming myself so I was in control, yet ages.
As i said, CPU is fast. But RAM is slow compared to CPU. Very slow to be exact (hence the reason why CPUs have on-die cache). And floppy disk speed compared to RAM, is completely another ballpark.

Max data transfer rate for 3.5", 1.44 MB floppy disk is 62.5 KB/s.
That's peanuts. And no matter how tight or well written your program is, it's loading time is limited by the bandwidth of the floppy.
 
Told ya! :cheese:


When PC is powered off, full shut down, 0 life from PC, then PSU isn't pulling any power from the mains (or from the UPS when it is connected to it).
But when PC is in sleep or hibernation, PSU provides power to PC components (e.g CPU and RAM) to sustain that and in turn, pulls some power from the mains.

when I start the PC by pressing the button on the top of the Enthoo Pro tower, how does that start the power?

does it complete a circuit to the PSU where some electonics then keeps that channel continuing?

ie until you press the button, is there no power going through the PSU?

essentially if there is no power to the PSU, how does the switch at the top of the tower start the power to the PSU?

does the Seasonic have a bypass wire going up to the switch at the top of the tower, where completing that circuit then starts the power to the PSU?

the other thing I wondered about, is can they not make a UPS with an electronic relay?

why cant it use the charge from the battery to supply an electronic switch to battery, rather than mechanical?

Richard1234 said:
does the UPS only charge the battery when the power button on the UPS is on?

(with the mains to the UPS on)

where I thought the other one was charging, probably it wasnt then!

#1 i'm unsure about. Depends on the speaker specs.
the transformer seems to say 36W


#2 should be safe since it's an external ODD (Optical Disc Drive) and should be powered via USB.
I guess yours is similar to this one?
Specs: https://pioneer-blurayodd.eu/products/bdr-xd08tb/index.php
no, its much more heavy duty than that, its an external one with its own transformer, the BDR-X13EBK, which will deal with triple layer RE and quad layer disks. the transformer says 36W,

looks like no longer available on amazon, and not on amazon's search, but I managed to find the amazon URL via an external site:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0C367V1QW?


#3 are also safe. So are #4 and #5.

Though, besides the #3, do you need other hardware to be powered on when there is a blackout? Since the rest are specific use case and you can survive blackout without those.

ok, I hadnt thought this through properly!

I'll leave it off the UPS


Remember, UPSes idea is to keep the PC and monitor powered on when there is a blackout. So that you can save your work (or pause your backup copy, item #3) and then shut down the PC. I see no reason why would you need to have speakers and chargers connected to the UPS for blackout protection.

I too have plenty of hardware but only my PC (PSU) and monitor are hooked to my UPS. Speakers, printer and modem that i have, are not. Since i don't need them when there is a blackout.

the other thing I realised is to have a torch handy if the UPS is used, in case of a powercut at night!

In the end, your call what to plug to the UPS.


This is because laser printers need to heat up a fuser unit to bond toner to paper, which requires a substantial burst of energy. While inkjet printers also experience a temporary power surge during startup, it's generally less pronounced than in laser printers.

Inkjet printers, in standby mode, use 3W to 5W. But during printing, inkjet printers can consume 30W to 50W.

this one is neither laser nor inkjet but is Epson ecotank, where it uses tanks of liquid ink, and is easily 10x cheaper than inkjet ink. one set of ink bottles will print maybe 4000 pages and costs maybe £40, so its about 1 pence per page, also it doesnt dry up if you dont use it for many months. Pictures are such good quality just on ordinary printer paper that no point using photo paper.

Epson ET-16150 : the webpage shows a photo of the ink liquid bottles. they are really fine inks, so can print a huge amount from one bottle. Also you refill the tanks independently, unlike some inkjets which are 4 inks in one cartridge which you have to junk as soon as one ink runs out.

Laser printers, in standby mode, use ~10W. But during printing, laser printers can draw 600W or more, especially when the fuser is heating up.
Large-scale commercial printers or copiers may require dedicated circuits and consume upwards of 1500W during peak usage, with significant power draw during warm-up phases.


Yes.


There is no such thing as "OEM version install" for any of the GNU/Linux distros.
the distro is as you describe, but when you install it, it asks if you want the OEM version,

see this installation screenshot from last year

I think the oem version isnt so good, I'll have to check when I next run Linux. the version on the flash drive is the nicer install option of Mint, and the one on the M.2 drive is the worse one, where things are arranged a bit differently not as nice.

because the OS isnt installed yet, that stage of installation needs a camera as you cant take screenshots.

All distros that you can download, come in an *.iso file.
Which you can then either:
* burn to the DVD/blu-ray, to make a bootable disc
* use virtual ODD (e.g Daemon Tools) to mount the *.iso file (when installing the distro in the same system)
* or use dedicated tool (e.g Rufus or Universal USB Installer) to make a bootable version on USB thumb drive

There is a reason why GNU/Linux distros come in an *.iso file and not as a *.bat ; *.exe or *.msi installer.

*.iso is an archive, which you can look into and browse, just like any archive, *.zip ; *.rar ; *.7z etc. This makes hiding malware into it more difficult, since you can easily browse all the files in it. And one can not truly hide files within *.iso or *.7z, as they can in *.zip or *.rar or in the installer file.

An installer, under Windows, is defined as a program, that takes a directory of files in one nice neat place and spreads them all over your computer, with no hope of ever knowing where they all went. :pt1cable:

with the Amiga computer often an install was just a directory, and if you copied it to another Amiga it would run fine. in later eras some installs started to become more complicated.



And it is very easy to hide malware in the installers. Heck, many malware are masked as legit installer, since file names can be easily modified and it matters 0 what name there is before the file extension. E.g "setup.exe". You have 0 clue if it is malware or legit.
Windows is a holiday camp for malware!

I am going to set up a backup after this message via Linux, using the UPS. where I'll just have one hub powered, the monitor, PC, and a magnetic 5T USB3 drive attached, I'll switch off all the other sockets.

this is a straightforward backup of the main 2T data M.2 drive, where it will be a file clone. as I have been delaying backups till I got a UPS.

before all these problems, I was shunting various magnetic 2T WD Blue drives to one 5T magnetic USB3 drive. I will eventually make a backup of that 5T drive to another 5T drive.

I will try to install the UPS software either tomorrow or Saturday. Tomorrow I may need to do a shopping trek into town, and if I run into rush hour that could take 4 hours, so I dont know if I will get much done tomorrow, but I will try to.

Yes they can.
Longest continuous stay on the ISS is 374 days by Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub.

Out of the 26 years, 7 months, 19 days in orbit (as of 9 July 2025), the ISS has been occupied for 24 years, 8 months, 7 days (as of 9 July 2025).


While living under a rock has its merits, i'd advise against it.


As i said, CPU is fast. But RAM is slow compared to CPU. Very slow to be exact (hence the reason why CPUs have on-die cache). And floppy disk speed compared to RAM, is completely another ballpark.
ok, must be the RAM then. I see what you are saying, that the speed really is for the on cache stuff.

Max data transfer rate for 3.5", 1.44 MB floppy disk is 62.5 KB/s.
That's peanuts. And no matter how tight or well written your program is, it's loading time is limited by the bandwidth of the floppy.
yes but that speed aspect I think was right at the outset, my program would load all the program to memory, and then everything from memory only. that latter stage very slow. But as you said, its probably the RAM speed.


 

using the UPS I did a backup of the main 2T data M.2 to a 2T T7 USB3 SSD, where it took under 7 hours to clone to a .gzip file, and 2 hours to verify. The .gzip clone file is less than 500G. Also no heat at all from the UPS, so I think that other one having the fan is inefficient design. I have tested out the tilting panel, which is really great as you can read it from above, I dont know if they all have that feature? I am leaving the protective plastic on as it will help preserve the surface.

right now, writing this it says 127W usage, and it says 57 minutes runtime. I dont know if the runtime also allows for the fact that it needs some charge left? does it cut out when there is still charge left?

I have to go shopping next, so there will be delays, but next on the agenda will be downloading and installing the software. I dont know if you have any tips on the software? I'll see if you suggest anything before trying out the software.

on space travel, there is a major problem, which leads to 2 other problems: space debris.

problem 1: the larger a craft, the higher the probability of being hit by worse debris. so a bigger craft is more at risk.

problem 2: the higher the speed, the more debris you will hit, the more larger debris you will hit, and that debris will hit at faster speeds. so it will be faster bigger debris and more such! eg you'll hit some debris the size of a rhino at 100000m/s every few minutes! it will be worse than hypersonic missiles!

eg a grain of sand at 100000km/h could cause major damage. think of a bullet which is just a small piece of metal but at fast speed. this means travelling huge distances at vast speeds may not be viable. as the craft will get blitzed by debris every second. if you look at the moon it is covered in craters, which are from asteroids and meteors, and the lack of atmosphere means worse than on earth. Now that is over a long time. but when you go fast, that is like time speeding up.

think of it like if you had in an empty car park traffic cones everywhere. the faster you drive the more traffic cones you mow down, and also the faster they strike the car. eg once I reversed into a bollard where I was relying on the collision detectors at the back, but the car was reversing rotating rightwards, and this bollard was just out of the field of view of the detectors. and I heard this crunching sound as it hit just at the side. Now because I was reversing slowly there wasnt too much damage, but very expensive cost to repair. Thus faster speeds are a bigger problem. The only option would be to teleport, but if they can do that, they have nothing to gain by visiting this planet, its like for us to visit a primitive tribe in the jungle. It wont be economically viable, and the timecost too large. Think if you could time travel to 1950, society then was much more primitive than now. would you travel for 10 years for $5 trillion to reach a civilisation which was like the year 1300?

to mitigate, they have to make the ship have a smaller cross section, but then it is very claustrophobic, and you have to trek to get from one end of the ship to the other. they could put shielding at the front, but the debris might quickly erode the shielding, then what?

I just wonder whether dark matter is in fact just all the debris which isnt visible to telescopes?
 
when I start the PC by pressing the button on the top of the Enthoo Pro tower, how does that start the power?
When you press the physical power button, it completes the circuit between two pins on MoBo, namely PWR+ and PWR-. This signal is then used by MoBo, to send a signal via 24-pin ATX cable, namely pin #16 PS_ON, back to PSU, to let PSU know that it needs to power on.

Same pin is used to power off the PSU when you shut down your PC.

Here's how PS_ON pin operates: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS-ON_Signal

The PS_ON signal is powered by the PSU's 5VSB rail. The 5VSB circuit is independent of the main power switch and remains active as long as the PSU is connected to mains power. It powers components that need to be on even when the computer is seemingly off, such as the circuitry that allows for Wake-on-LAN, wake-on-USB, and other features that enable the PC to be awakened by external signals. It also provides power to the motherboard's real-time clock and to the circuitry that reads the power button press. The 5VSB rail typically has a lower power output than the main rails (like +12V, +5V, +3.3V). Even though it's a standby circuit, it can still draw a small amount of power, 2.3W or so.

I haven't actually checked from my UPS, if my PC draws any power through it when my PC is completely off. And i can't currently check that either since i need my PC to be on to type this and missus is also using her PC currently.
But since you have your UPS up and running, you can also check it by yourself.

the other thing I wondered about, is can they not make a UPS with an electronic relay?
I think that they can and bigger (more expensive) UPSes may also have it.

But in the end of the day, it comes down to the cost.
SSR (solid-state relay) is more expensive than mechanical relay. Just as Li-ion battery is more expensive than sealed lead-acid battery.
So, when UPS would include all the latest and greatest components, that are more expensive than their older alternatives, UPS alone would cost FAR more, whereby those home users who need ~ up to 1000W UPS, would not be able to afford it. And that, in turn, lowers the income of UPS manufacturers.

In a similar sense, if you remove all finance options, only very few people are able to afford brand new cars. Heck, even with finance, many aren't able to afford brand new cars. Thus, the most of the populous is driving around with 2nd hand cars, which they are able to afford.

why cant it use the charge from the battery to supply an electronic switch to battery, rather than mechanical?
Since when the battery is dead, you can't turn on the UPS anymore. Then, you have to find another way to charge the said batteries, that then supply the needed power to the switch to turn on the UPS.

the transformer seems to say 36W
That's little power draw and speakers doesn't have power spikes on initial power-on. That is, unless you have DAC/AMP/AV receiver before the speakers and you plan to plug that to the UPS. But as i said, do you need your speakers to be powered on during blackout?

looks like no longer available on amazon, and not on amazon's search, but I managed to find the amazon URL via an external site:
Best to look info from official specs, rather than retail store. Since info on retail store can be wrong.
Specs: https://pioneer-blurayodd.eu/products/bdr-x13ebk/index.php

Epson ET-16150 : the webpage shows a photo of the ink liquid bottles.
Again, best to look official specs,
link: https://www.epson.eu/en_EU/products/printers/inkjet/consumer/ecotank-et-16150-a3+-wi-fi-ink-tank-printer/p/30125

While it is named as "ink tank", it's function is to spray ink via nozzles to the paper, thus making it inkjet printer.
It peaks at 27W.

Speaking of official specs, i have all my component official specs pages bookmarked. So, when i need to look up info about them, i have easy access.

but when you install it, it asks if you want the OEM version,

see this installation screenshot from last year

I think the oem version isnt so good
Well, it has been many years since i last installed any GNU/Linux distro and my memory about it's minute details is vague.
Linux Mint i have, is only on my USB thumb drive. I haven't done any "full" installations of it. So, i guess the OEM version could be only for Linux Mint.


with the Amiga computer often an install was just a directory, and if you copied it to another Amiga it would run fine. in later eras some installs started to become more complicated.
Well, later OSes use registry file to keep track of things. And due to this, when you just copy/paste the file folder over, it doesn't make any changes to registry, as automated installer does. Thus, the program may not work.


does it cut out when there is still charge left?
That, i do not know. But it isn't good for battery to completely drain it to 0%.

But since you're curious, you can test it out. Let the UPS battery drain until it can not power the device anymore. Then open up the UPS, pull batteries out and measure the remaining charge with multimeter.
 
I tried installing the Personal version of the UPS software but so far cannot get it to work,

to download software you have to go to the cyberpower.com website and give the model number, which is

CP1600EPFCLCD-UK

but then when you click the software tab you get this screen

where there isnt the personal software option. They want us to use the cloud, but I refuse to use the cloud

when I installed the personal option, and tried to run it, I get this window

what I'll say is I seem to be able to do what I want without any software!

I did 2 further backups, one to an SSD T7 and one to magnetic USB 3 drives, Seagate one touch 5T, now I checked how much time the UPS said, which was 54 minutes. I forget the power, something like 130W, and I then experimented with the monitor brightness and contrast, if I turn those right down I now get 57 minutes, and if I turn them to maximum, I get 51 minutes. so there is 6 minutes of leeway from changing monitor settings.

so where I said 188W, that was for the entire house, the power to the PC + monitor evidently is maybe some 60W less, which perhaps is the modem, and some gadgets relating to the modem. Thus I may get the 1 hour I wanted, approximately!

When you press the physical power button, it completes the circuit between two pins on MoBo, namely PWR+ and PWR-. This signal is then used by MoBo, to send a signal via 24-pin ATX cable, namely pin #16 PS_ON, back to PSU, to let PSU know that it needs to power on.

Same pin is used to power off the PSU when you shut down your PC.

Here's how PS_ON pin operates: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS-ON_Signal

ok, so it goes through that ginormous socket on the mobo!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS-ON_Signal
The PS_ON signal is powered by the PSU's 5VSB rail. The 5VSB circuit is independent of the main power switch and remains active as long as the PSU is connected to mains power.

but is the PSU technically being used when this happens?

I try to minimise usage of equipment, to help it last longer. this really paid off when I replaced a Kenwood microwave, where originally I left microwaves on permanently, and went through several, the last one a Kenwood. I then figured it might have a timer based self destruct feature, so the replacement Kenwood which was almost identical, I only powered on when used, and it has lasted several years already.
It powers components that need to be on even when the computer is seemingly off, such as the circuitry that allows for Wake-on-LAN, wake-on-USB, and other features that enable the PC to be awakened by external signals. It also provides power to the motherboard's real-time clock and to the circuitry that reads the power button press. The 5VSB rail typically has a lower power output than the main rails (like +12V, +5V, +3.3V). Even though it's a standby circuit, it can still draw a small amount of power, 2.3W or so.

I haven't actually checked from my UPS, if my PC draws any power through it when my PC is completely off. And i can't currently check that either since i need my PC to be on to type this and missus is also using her PC currently.
But since you have your UPS up and running, you can also check it by yourself.
for the same reason, I cant check it whilst replying! But I'll have a look when I power down the machines.


I think that they can and bigger (more expensive) UPSes may also have it.

But in the end of the day, it comes down to the cost.
SSR (solid-state relay) is more expensive than mechanical relay. Just as Li-ion battery is more expensive than sealed lead-acid battery.
So, when UPS would include all the latest and greatest components, that are more expensive than their older alternatives, UPS alone would cost FAR more, whereby those home users who need ~ up to 1000W UPS, would not be able to afford it. And that, in turn, lowers the income of UPS manufacturers.

In a similar sense, if you remove all finance options, only very few people are able to afford brand new cars. Heck, even with finance, many aren't able to afford brand new cars. Thus, the most of the populous is driving around with 2nd hand cars, which they are able to afford.
the people who buy the new ones, tend to be income rich, asset poor. where they max out on finance, for the car, the house, etc, and most of their income goes on the interest payments. The car and the house seem like assets, but in fact they belong to the lender until the finance completes! so they are someone else's assets!

they tend to refinance after 1 or 2 years, as they like driving almost brand new, in the UK you can tell the year a car was manufactured from the number plate, it will be something like XY12UVW or XY62UVW, where the 12 means 2012, and the 62 also means 2012, possibly 2nd half, but the 12 ones start something like in March. so there is status in having a car which has say 25 or 75!

to avoid people knowing which year, you have to get personalised number plates,

the dealers appear to only trade up to 8 years, so its best to buy maybe 3 year old cars, then sell by the 7th year, as the dealers will still be interested. My current car was 3 years, and is from 2013, so its now 12 years old!

Since when the battery is dead, you can't turn on the UPS anymore. Then, you have to find another way to charge the said batteries, that then supply the needed power to the switch to turn on the UPS.
you are saying where you will recharge the flat battery?


That's little power draw and speakers doesn't have power spikes on initial power-on. That is, unless you have DAC/AMP/AV receiver before the speakers and you plan to plug that to the UPS.

my speakers are just connected to the monitor, to get the sound from the PC. in the old days I connected speakers to the audio out headphone sockets on the PC


But as i said, do you need your speakers to be powered on during blackout?
probably not.


Best to look info from official specs, rather than retail store. Since info on retail store can be wrong.
Specs: https://pioneer-blurayodd.eu/products/bdr-x13ebk/index.php


Again, best to look official specs,
link: https://www.epson.eu/en_EU/products/printers/inkjet/consumer/ecotank-et-16150-a3+-wi-fi-ink-tank-printer/p/30125

ok, I have bookmarked those 2 URLs


While it is named as "ink tank", it's function is to spray ink via nozzles to the paper, thus making it inkjet printer.
It peaks at 27W.
although the inner technology may be the same, best to not call it inkjet as it is a totally different experience, eg the ink never dries up. with inkjets, if you dont use them for ages, they dry up. with ecotank, you can leave it unused for 6 months and it will function fine. Also 10x as cheap as inkjet, so the ink it uses is fundamentally different. different Epson ecotanks in fact use different ink technologies. the ink of this one is much finer than for my previous one.

I asked the salesman why Epson still make the conventional inkjets, when it is such a rubbish technology, and he said its because the customers demand it!


Speaking of official specs, i have all my component official specs pages bookmarked. So, when i need to look up info about them, i have easy access.


Well, it has been many years since i last installed any GNU/Linux distro and my memory about it's minute details is vague.
Linux Mint i have, is only on my USB thumb drive. I haven't done any "full" installations of it. So, i guess the OEM version could be only for Linux Mint.
I think probably you dont need to try installing to see this, I think if you get the installation optical disk, right at the start it has options such as try without installing, and I think one option is OEM install,


Well, later OSes use registry file to keep track of things. And due to this, when you just copy/paste the file folder over, it doesn't make any changes to registry, as automated installer does. Thus, the program may not work.
I think Windows has the registry because the underlying system was designed as if for a multi user system, but in fact personal computers often are just one user. so the registry is overcomplicated.

with the earlier era Amiga programs, you could literally run the software from the installation disks even! or just copy to a directory on a volume. to uninstall you just delete the directory.

this can be done on Windows, as I have a disk salvage program which can be run without installing, eg to repair another computer. you just double click and run the software from a flash drive.

the entire Linux Mint can be run from a flash drive without any installation on a machine! and the up arrow on the shell remembers your commands you did in the previous session even if that was on a different PC.

the registry is a completely bogus idea, but because software developers use it, it makes things very complicated.

On Linux, I write some of my own utility software. eg I am now opting for an ongoing backup of a backup. where it will only override with newer files. via the "cp" command. Now I have a 5T disk with more than 4T of data. so my idea was to run cp for some hours, then press control-C to halt. then another time run it again, and it will gradually backup everything. But the problem is when you press control-C you get an incomplete copy of the file it was doing. All the other files alright. I tried using the -v option which echoes all files, but the problem is the echo can halt whilst echoing the file! so you dont know which file it failed at.

And this incomplete file will fool the system. Better written software will use a temporary file until the copy is complete, then rename this. that avoids this problem.

So I wrote a program to compare the backup with the original superficially where say you backup /x/y/z to /t/u/v/w where say /x/y/z/a/b/c is copied to /t/u/v/w/a/b/c

the program I wrote just checks if /t/u/v/w/a/b/c exists, if it doesnt exist no problem, as eventually it will be copied. if it does exist, and is also a file, the program checks if it is the same size. if not then this is a problem file where control-C interrupted the copy. if it is the same size, the program just checks if the last 1024 bytes are identical. because potentially the file size might be right but it didnt have time to copy all over. No need to check the entire file as just dealing with the control-C interrupted copy.

I ran the copying last night, and halted it, and ran the program I wrote, and it located a video file, which was incomplete. I ran my other program to compare original with the copy, and the copy was a subset.

without that program, I could get another corrupted file for each partial copying session, other than to do a byte by byte comparison, but that is very time consuming.

now when I write such programs, I can run them on any Linux Mint installation! the mere binary file will run, doesnt need any registry. as I suggested, the registry is a totally bogus idea.

and to uninstall all I do with my own programs is put all relevant stuff in the same directory. uninstalling is then merely to delete the directory!

they could do any software at all on Windows like this but people like to make life complicated for themselves!

actually I wrote some 16 bit programs for Windows, 16 bit in order to access the BIOS emulation of the Windows XP terminal. and these run fine without any registry. eg to copy a file to consecutive sectors of a floppy disk.

That, i do not know. But it isn't good for battery to completely drain it to 0%.

But since you're curious, you can test it out. Let the UPS battery drain until it can not power the device anymore. Then open up the UPS, pull batteries out and measure the remaining charge with multimeter.
I dont want to pull out the batteries! as there is some danger, and the manual warns about doing this.

But I will try an experiment at some point where it says 54 minutes, I might switch off at the mains, and then keep note of what the power meter says till maybe 5 minutes left, then switch the mains back on. to see if it really is 54 minutes!

looks like you can switch off the alarm feature, eg say you have a lengthy disk verify underway, which could take 2 hours, and you want to go shopping whilst that happens, you dont want the alarm to go off.

you just press the mute button on the panel for some seconds, and an icon appears showing a bell with a / sign through it, and "MUTE" under that.

Also when I powered off the UPS, and later powered it back on, I think it remembered the mute option.

I'll have to do that again to be sure I powered off the UPS fully
 
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when I installed the personal option, and tried to run it, I get this window
That's strange. 🤔

Do you have USB cable connected from UPS to PC? Where UPS shows up under Device Manager? (For me, is located under "Batteries - CyberPower Battery Backup".)

but then when you click the software tab you get this screen
I checked and under my UPS "Downloads" page, there is Personal edition,
link: https://www.cyberpower.com/hk/en/product/sku/CP1300EPFCLCD#downloads

But when i check your UPS "Downloads" page, there is only Business edition,
link: https://www.cyberpower.com/eu/en/product/sku/cp1600epfclcd-uk#downloads

However, the video review that i linked to you (that nearly 1h long), did show that Personal edition works with the UPS you have.
So, if you want to get to the bottom of this, you could send CyberPower another e-mail and ask them about it, while also citing the video review as proof, that Personal edition does work with the UPS.

what I'll say is I seem to be able to do what I want without any software!
Yes, UPS is capable of operating just fine without any utility software. This is what makes UPSes so great, they don't need dedicated software to run. :)

but is the PSU technically being used when this happens?
Yes.

for the same reason, I cant check it whilst replying! But I'll have a look when I power down the machines.
Since my missus'es PC is currently off when i'm typing this, i can check it now.

Input: 233 V
Output: 233 V
Output: 50.0 Hz
Wattage: 0 W
Voltage: 0 V
Wattage: 0 W%
Voltage: 0 V%
Output load: 0 %
Battery charge: 100 %
Runtime: 183 mins

So, with the PC being powered off, while PSU keeping it's 5VSB rail active, doesn't consume any power according to my UPS.

you are saying where you will recharge the flat battery?
If i understood correctly, you were asking to power the UPS internal PCB/relay/switches solely from the UPS battery directly, rather than from the mains.
Well, they are powered from both. When there is main power, it is powered from the mains and when there is blackout, it is powered from the battery.

But when it would only be powered by the battery and once the battery reaches 0% (completely flat), you couldn't turn on the UPS, to recharge it, if UPS components would be powered solely from it's internal battery.

my speakers are just connected to the monitor, to get the sound from the PC. in the old days I connected speakers to the audio out headphone sockets on the PC
USB speakers? If so, those are low power speakers and can remain hooked to the monitor, when monitor is hooked to the UPS.
Same goes with the speakers that are powered from the 3.5mm jack only. (I used to have such speakers back in the day, but now, i have beefier speaker setup: AverMedia Ballista Trinity GS315 with dedicated AMP.)

although the inner technology may be the same, best to not call it inkjet as it is a totally different experience, eg the ink never dries up. with inkjets, if you dont use them for ages, they dry up. with ecotank, you can leave it unused for 6 months and it will function fine. Also 10x as cheap as inkjet, so the ink it uses is fundamentally different. different Epson ecotanks in fact use different ink technologies. the ink of this one is much finer than for my previous one.
While you may not want to call your ecotank as inkjet printer due to different experience you got with it, it still is an inkjet printer and that is a fact.

Inkjet printer is a printer that uses liquid ink to create prints. And that's it.
My Canon TS8352 can also be called inkjet printer since it has liquid ink tanks inside it. While in reality, mine is all-in-one/multifunctional printer, since it has combined printing, copying and scanning into one device.

As of ink drying up, you may be referring to the dot matrix printer, which prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper. Since for those, the ink-soaked cloth ribbon does dry up when it hasn't been used for a while.

In regards of feelings, you can not call it anything different that it is, based solely on your different experience.
For example: gasoline engine car, that uses octane 95 RON fuel vs octane 98 RON fuel. For octane 98 car, the car itself is snappier and more powerful than the car with octane 95. But you can't call octane 98 car something else, other than a gasoline car. Just because it uses different octane gasoline (or different ink in regards of inkjet printers).

I dont want to pull out the batteries! as there is some danger, and the manual warns about doing this.
Well, then your curiosity remains unfulfilled.

But I will try an experiment at some point where it says 54 minutes, I might switch off at the mains, and then keep note of what the power meter says till maybe 5 minutes left, then switch the mains back on. to see if it really is 54 minutes!
Do note that it is an estimation rather than a cold hard fact.
"Estimation" = a rough calculation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.

I try to minimise usage of equipment, to help it last longer. this really paid off when I replaced a Kenwood microwave, where originally I left microwaves on permanently, and went through several, the last one a Kenwood. I then figured it might have a timer based self destruct feature, so the replacement Kenwood which was almost identical, I only powered on when used, and it has lasted several years already.
I also use my equipment when i only need them, while for electricity powered items, i usually unplug them from the wall, rather than keeping them plugged in at all times.

As far as microwave goes, i have ProfiCook one, that has lasted us for the past ~12 years or so. It is also the very 1st microwave i've owned.
Back in the day, when i was looking for one, i deliberately bought the one meant for professional use, for restaurants and the like, for the idea that it will last long. And it has.
I have this very one, amazon UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/-/en/ProfiCook-PC-MWG-1045-Stainless-Convection/dp/B00FYXCZ1U

I think Windows has the registry because the underlying system was designed as if for a multi user system, but in fact personal computers often are just one user. so the registry is overcomplicated.
Back in the day, when PCs 1st launched, they were marketed as whole family use. Since PCs were very expensive back then and it isn't feasible for getting one per person. Due to this, Windows was designed to be multi-user OS.

Nowadays, where PCs are cheaper, there can be one PC per person. But even today, there are family PCs (one PC per household), despite the PC literally meaning Personal Computer (indicating that it is for one person only).

On Linux, I write some of my own utility software.
I can not comment on anything about programming or writing software. Not my cup of tea.
I keep myself on the hardware side of things, rather than software side.

problem 1: the larger a craft, the higher the probability of being hit by worse debris. so a bigger craft is more at risk.
This is true to an extent.

While it is true that bigger volume craft inherently is bigger than smaller volume craft, you can build the hull as elongated rather than round or box shaped.

Elongated:

0c4880e3-1a0b-412e-9b36-890c8b041436.png

Direct link: https://easy-peasy.ai/cdn-cgi/image...f48e/0c4880e3-1a0b-412e-9b36-890c8b041436.png

Bulky:

Borg_cube%2C_2366.jpg

Direct link: https://wiki.fed-space.com/images/3/3a/Borg_cube,_2366.jpg

Construction/space wise, it would be easier to construct the cube shape, since there's no wind resistance in space. But with elongated hull, the actual surface area at the front is much smaller than when the hull is bulky. Considerably lowering debris impact probability. While keeping the same volume.

problem 2: the higher the speed, the more debris you will hit, the more larger debris you will hit, and that debris will hit at faster speeds.
True.

But to combat that, some form of energy shield must be developed that either covers the front of the craft or entire hull. So that the derbies can't reach the hull and cause physical damage to it. And the energy shield may also protect against cosmic radiation as well (e.g gamma rays).

to mitigate, they have to make the ship have a smaller cross section, but then it is very claustrophobic, and you have to trek to get from one end of the ship to the other.
To get from the front to the back and vice-versa, it would be very easy to install mag-lev track and small rail cars on top of that, inside the space ship hull. Acting as lateral elevators to move people fast between straight long distances.

I just wonder whether dark matter is in fact just all the debris which isnt visible to telescopes?
I don't think it is a debris (physical object). More like some form of energy that affects gravity.
 
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That's strange. 🤔

Do you have USB cable connected from UPS to PC? Where UPS shows up under Device Manager? (For me, is located under "Batteries - CyberPower Battery Backup".)
the USB is connected, and it shows up on Device Manager as you describe

I checked and under my UPS "Downloads" page, there is Personal edition,
link: https://www.cyberpower.com/hk/en/product/sku/CP1300EPFCLCD#downloads

But when i check your UPS "Downloads" page, there is only Business edition,
link: https://www.cyberpower.com/eu/en/product/sku/cp1600epfclcd-uk#downloads

However, the video review that i linked to you (that nearly 1h long), did show that Personal edition works with the UPS you have.
So, if you want to get to the bottom of this, you could send CyberPower another e-mail and ask them about it, while also citing the video review as proof, that Personal edition does work with the UPS.
ok, I will email them eventually.

Yes, UPS is capable of operating just fine without any utility software. This is what makes UPSes so great, they don't need dedicated software to run. :)


Yes.


Since my missus'es PC is currently off when i'm typing this, i can check it now.

Input: 233 V
Output: 233 V
Output: 50.0 Hz
Wattage: 0 W
Voltage: 0 V
Wattage: 0 W%
Voltage: 0 V%
Output load: 0 %
Battery charge: 100 %
Runtime: 183 mins

So, with the PC being powered off, while PSU keeping it's 5VSB rail active, doesn't consume any power according to my UPS.

I think the power will only show when it is drawn by connecting the - and +

If i understood correctly, you were asking to power the UPS internal PCB/relay/switches solely from the UPS battery directly, rather than from the mains.
Well, they are powered from both. When there is main power, it is powered from the mains and when there is blackout, it is powered from the battery.

But when it would only be powered by the battery and once the battery reaches 0% (completely flat), you couldn't turn on the UPS, to recharge it, if UPS components would be powered solely from it's internal battery.


USB speakers? If so, those are low power speakers and can remain hooked to the monitor, when monitor is hooked to the UPS.
Same goes with the speakers that are powered from the 3.5mm jack only. (I used to have such speakers back in the day, but now, i have beefier speaker setup: AverMedia Ballista Trinity GS315 with dedicated AMP.)
these arent USB but are just the headphone sockets like with radios


While you may not want to call your ecotank as inkjet printer due to different experience you got with it, it still is an inkjet printer and that is a fact.

Inkjet printer is a printer that uses liquid ink to create prints. And that's it.
My Canon TS8352 can also be called inkjet printer since it has liquid ink tanks inside it. While in reality, mine is all-in-one/multifunctional printer, since it has combined printing, copying and scanning into one device.
nonetheless, words and language are our servants not our masters!

so when words WILL be misunderstood, which is the case here, you need to use different words.

in particular ecotank and inktank are also meaningful words, so its better to say the latter, and is guaranteed to be misunderstood if you say inkjet. you should never describe an ecotank as an inkjet as people will always misunderstand. Epson also do the conventional inkjets.

careless use of words can result in total mayhem, you need to be aware of how words will be misunderstood.

for example in spoken german "formal you" and "they" are IDENTICAL. they only differ in written text that the former is "Sie" and the latter is "sie", ie the first letter is capitalised for the former. so if you use this word it leads to all kinds of confusion. because if I say "you are allowed to view this information", this can be misunderstood to mean "they are allowed to view this information".

Thus you have to use your words differently. what is called disambiguation.

as an example, in the UK petroleum is called petrol, NEVER gas. but in the US they call it gas, as a shortening of gasoline. but that means if you say to an american that your house is heated by gas, it WILL BE MISUNDERSTOOD, they will think your house is heated with petroleum. so although gas is the correct word, you MUSTNT use it when talking to americans as they are GUARANTEED to misunderstand.

you have to say natural gas, or ethane, as they will not understand. I think this is why natural gas never took off in the US as their language misinterprets it.

the point of language is to communicate, its not to meet the arbitrary criteria someone out there has set.

if you say inkjet, EVERYONE will understand that as a cartridge you insert into a machine, and so just as real politik you musnt say inkjet if you mean ink tank. it is so different that its like comparing a jet to a propellor.

with your "printer" I wouldnt refer to it as a printer, but maybe as a printer-scanner, or printer-scanner-copier, as disambiguation. even if the entire world says otherwise. language evolves with time.

I cannot tell from the amazon page if yours is ink tank, it appears to use cartridges. so even if the machine has a tank in it, its not the same as an ecotank tank.

the ecotank uses bottles where you pour out the ink into the tank, so eg you can top up a bottle. and you can have 2 printers and pour some ink into the one, and some into the other.

your one looks like all or nothing, you have to wait till its almost empty and then discard, you cant top it up.

its better than the all in one cartridges where if the black runs out but the cyan is full, you have to junk it.

I think Canon do some where you pour in the ink like with ecotank, but I am not convinced yours is one of those.

the problem with cartridge ones is if you dont use them regularly, they jam up. eg dont use it for 3 months. the ink tank ones dont jam up.


As of ink drying up, you may be referring to the dot matrix printer, which prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper. Since for those, the ink-soaked cloth ribbon does dry up when it hasn't been used for a while.

no, I am not talking of those! I am talking of cartridge based ones, where if you dont use them regularly the ink dries up. this does NOT happen with the epson ecotank.

from Googling "do inkjet cartridges dry out?"

you get this at the top:


Yes, inkjet printer cartridges can dry out. Inkjet cartridges contain liquid ink, which is prone to evaporation, especially when not used frequently. This drying can lead to clogs in the print head, resulting in streaky, faded, or no printing at all.

Here's a more detailed explanation:
Why Inkjet Cartridges Dry Out:

  • Infrequent Use:
    When an inkjet printer isn't used regularly, the ink inside the cartridge can dry out, particularly in the small nozzles of the print head.
doesnt happen with Epson ecotanks. but will happen with their catridge based printers. its a fundamentally different technology.

its a case where a word has started with one meaning and acquired another meaning.

In regards of feelings, you can not call it anything different that it is, based solely on your different experience.

I disagree! language evolves, people do this all the time, and some of the usages become permanent, otherwise we would all be speaking english like its used in the bible and Shakespeare. the use of english has changed even since the 1950s. actually today I find it difficult to understand the young people, say early 20s, as their use of language has changed so much, and for the worse. if you watch films from the 1950s and earlier, the way they talk is different from today.

For example: gasoline engine car, that uses octane 95 RON fuel vs octane 98 RON fuel. For octane 98 car, the car itself is snappier and more powerful than the car with octane 95. But you can't call octane 98 car something else, other than a gasoline car. Just because it uses different octane gasoline (or different ink in regards of inkjet printers).
I CAN call it something else, because in the UK we do not use the word "gasoline" that is an american usage, in the UK we say petrol or diesel, or petroleum. we would say a petrol car. we have petrol stations, not gas stations.

eg this is a UK URL for a car, and it says "manual petrol"

you wont see the word "gasoline" in the UK as its an alien word.

honestly people will laugh at you in the UK if you use american words like gasoline!

if the car is significantly different from a normal car, then you MUST disambiguate, eg to call a car a sports car, or a formula one car, all are cars, but if you just say "car" people think of a ford fiesta.

so eg if its an EV, then say EV, dont say "car" as that is highly ambiguous. but eg my car is a peugeot 308 diesel, so there is no misunderstanding. but I might say my diesel stationwaggon to disambiguate. as stationwaggons are nonstandard.

the entire point of language is to communicate ideas, so if your usage is technically correct but you communicate the wrong idea, then language has failed its purpose.

I just think you dont know what an ecotank is, so you are assuming it is like the other inkjets. if you ever used one, and in fact longer term they are much cheaper than conventional ones, you'll understand why I dont call them inkjets.

with an ecotank, £50 will easily print 2000 pages, if not 4000, depends on which technology you use.
but with a conventional one, £50 will print 200 pages.

sounds like your one uses PGI-580XXL cartridges which will print 600 pages, or 830 pages depending on Google's mood, so I think is what I call an inkjet. the light blue will print much more, but that isnt for ordinary printing, but for difficult to do colours such as the sky.

https://www.inkredible.co.uk/oem-canon-pixma-ts8352-xxl-multipack-5-pack-ink-cartridges?

and costs 95.21 for a full set,


but a 774 black ink for my ecotank will print 6000 pages, google for "how many pages does an epson 774 ink bottle print?"
or look at the epson website:

https://www.epson.co.uk/en_GB/products/ink-and-paper/ink-consumables/774-ecotank-ink-series-(774-black-ink-bottle-inks)/p/20290?pid=20290
after you use an ecotank, you'll understand what I am saying.

first look at how many pages 6000, now look at the price 14.49 from the Epson website also, its not a fake.

set of 4 for the ecotank is 38.99 including VAT, and a 10% discount there making that 35.09

https://www.epson.co.uk/en_GB/produ...-ecotank-4-colour-multipack/p/30395?pid=30395

and you get 10x as much printing than your so called ink tank!

its like the word "america" today means the US, but canada and Brazil are also america!

so its better to say "US" if there is a risk of confusion.




Well, then your curiosity remains unfulfilled.

in this era, there is such a blizzard of info, that most of my curiousity will never be fulfilled.

in fact I am pursuing my curiousity with the things I learnt at uni, and it is very time consuming to even fulfil it with say 10% of what we were taught!


Do note that it is an estimation rather than a cold hard fact.
"Estimation" = a rough calculation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.

I also use my equipment when i only need them, while for electricity powered items, i usually unplug them from the wall, rather than keeping them plugged in at all times.

As far as microwave goes, i have ProfiCook one, that has lasted us for the past ~12 years or so. It is also the very 1st microwave i've owned.
Back in the day, when i was looking for one, i deliberately bought the one meant for professional use, for restaurants and the like, for the idea that it will last long. And it has.
I have this very one, amazon UK:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/-/en/ProfiCook-PC-MWG-1045-Stainless-Convection/dp/B00FYXCZ1U


Back in the day, when PCs 1st launched, they were marketed as whole family use. Since PCs were very expensive back then and it isn't feasible for getting one per person. Due to this, Windows was designed to be multi-user OS.

Nowadays, where PCs are cheaper, there can be one PC per person. But even today, there are family PCs (one PC per household), despite the PC literally meaning Personal Computer (indicating that it is for one person only).
nonetheless, the registry scheme is way over the top. if it is to be for the family, which is a highly dubious idea as young kids would damage it, but why do you need so much paranoid security for a home computer?

even in 1980 one wouldnt get a PC for kids, but you'd get a home computer. by 1984 it was say the Sinclair Spectrum or a BBC computer or a Commodore. The Amstrad computer probably not for kids.

giving kids a PC in that era is like giving them a textbook on accountancy!

when the Amiga 500 appeared, it became the computer for games, the PC only started to outdo it maybe 1993 from faster graphics hardware, not because of the OS, as the AmigaOS was pre-emptive multitasking right from 1985.

the Amiga 500 had 4096 colours, ie 12 bit, where you could choose a palette of 32 for games. if you went to computer games shops, virtually the entire shop would be Amiga games, with a small zone of PC games and Atari. The Amiga had fully pre-emptive multitasking in 1/4 MB of memory in 1985, whereas the PC only became multitasking with Windows 95, the Amiga was 10 years ahead, and even today Windows 11 and Linux havent fully outdone my Amiga 500!

you give your kids an Amiga 500 not a PC!

you might have heard of Electronic Arts? their main market was the Amiga, eg their programs Deluxe Paint and Deluxe Music.

say a family have some books on a bookshelf, they dont have some really complicated scheme for having those books, that you have to note the price in the one cupboard, and the ISBN number in another cupboard, and the receipt in another. why does it have to be so complicated? its honestly all nonsense.

the registry or lack thereof are what are described as "paradigms", eg the mouse + GUI interface are paradigms. I actually mostly use Linux from the shell interface as it can do all kinds of things which are tricky via a GUI.

a paradigm is a way of doing things which isnt the only way.

a program technically can be entirely encapsulated in one file. which is say loaded into memory using position independent code. so it doesnt need some overcomplicated arrangement, it doesnt even need an install. the registry is VERY inefficient design. you can arrange for any program at all to be written in such a way it can be run without installation. even the customisations can in theory be put into the program file. then if you run the program on another computer you get the same customisations. this is a DIFFERENT paradigm.

AMD and Intel CPUs (also known as x86) have instructions which are position independent, if you move a block of such code anywhere in memory it will function correctly. so if you are careful you can write a program entirely position independent.

thus to run a program, you can arrange things where the file is merely loaded anywhere in memory and can be run. actual programs often use a more complicated scheme, but not this complicated. the Windows MO is labyrinthine, it is "byzantine"! Linux uses a format called ELF, but this doesnt relate to the OS, but the way you go from program binary, to program in memory.


I can not comment on anything about programming or writing software. Not my cup of tea.
I keep myself on the hardware side of things, rather than software side.


This is true to an extent.

While it is true that bigger volume craft inherently is bigger than smaller volume craft, you can build the hull as elongated rather than round or box shaped.

Elongated:

0c4880e3-1a0b-412e-9b36-890c8b041436.png

Direct link: https://easy-peasy.ai/cdn-cgi/image...f48e/0c4880e3-1a0b-412e-9b36-890c8b041436.png
this is outright fantasy and propaganda! Next you'll be showing me a picture of Noah's ark with happy animals waving from the parapet.

Bulky:

Borg_cube%2C_2366.jpg

Direct link: https://wiki.fed-space.com/images/3/3a/Borg_cube,_2366.jpg

Construction/space wise, it would be easier to construct the cube shape, since there's no wind resistance in space. But with elongated hull, the actual surface area at the front is much smaller than when the hull is bulky. Considerably lowering debris impact probability. While keeping the same volume.
this is all fantasy, the guy who drew these was probably high on some illegal drugs!

either that or he was an artist for vinyl covers in the 1970s!


True.

But to combat that, some form of energy shield must be developed that either covers the front of the craft or entire hull. So that the derbies can't reach the hull and cause physical damage to it. And the energy shield may also protect against cosmic radiation as well (e.g gamma rays).
you've been watching and reading too much scifi!

its like the soviet statues of sturdy peasants planting a flag, I couldnt find an image of that, but did find this one:

View: https://mx.pinterest.com/pin/562598178450950913/


probably singing with deep hearty voices also!


actual spaceships are more like living in a large dustbin with a glass lid!



To get from the front to the back and vice-versa, it would be very easy to install mag-lev track and small rail cars on top of that, inside the space ship hull. Acting as lateral elevators to move people fast between straight long distances.


I don't think it is a debris (physical object). More like some form of energy that affects gravity.

originally the maths of cosmology couldnt explain the universe based on the known matter, so they hypothesized dark matter to account for the discrepancy. we were told this in applied maths around 1985!

now ideas change with time, so today's concept of dark matter might have changed.

but the original idea was the mass missing to make the maths work. what is called a fudge factor.

 
Yes, UPS is capable of operating just fine without any utility software. This is what makes UPSes so great, they don't need dedicated software to run. :)

also I think you can probably configure it entirely from the panel on the machine, without using the software.

I havent tried this yet, as it seems to be fine out of the box, but it does have a setup button.

Right now I am making use of it majorly, doing extensive backups and verifying of backups. if I leave it on when shopping, I mute the alarm. I will delay a bit before trying to email them about the software, to instead just use the UPS. I need to also find out what is going on as regards the seasonic, as it is way too long for a warranty claim.

Here in Bristol most of the mains is underground, they dont use telegraph poles, except for say some houses beyond the local government development, and the houses by the river. so the mains is less affected by storms. when my parents were working in africa, all the mains was via telegraph poles.

as kids in one era in africa, we used to throw stones at the power pylons trying to hit the cables with the stones!

but today in Britain, they tend to do all cabling underground, fibre optics, electricity, and also water, natural gas mains, its all underground. perhaps they use the sewer system. the problem with telegraph poles is they gradually rot, and then fall over in a storm. if you go out to more remote places then they probably use telegraph poles. but the water and gas mains I think is underground.

some other problems with huge space journeys: first is you could get lost! the further away a star is, the longer ago what you see is. eg the nearest star to the sun is alpha centauri which is 4.37 light years away, so if we see that in a telescope, what we see is 4.37 years ago. meanwhile the star is elsewhere because of relative movement and rotation. now a star 800 light years away is 800 years ago. that star might even have gone supernova 200 years ago. so the night sky is a bit like some newspapers from the 1800s.

the image of stars and galaxies is thus chronologically incoherent. its a collage of points from totally different times. so if you travel a huge distance, from there, the points of light are totally different time lags because of the phenomenon of 3D perspective. and frankly the night sky all looks the same to me. finding your way back after travelling 10000 light years, will be like trying to find the same grain of sand on a beach after going for a 1 mile walk.

another problem with spaceships is mutiny, the bigger the ship the more dangerous a mutiny will be. eg this planet is a kind of de facto spaceship, and look at all the revolutions and wars!

with cities you get the problem of "concrete jungle", where the entire environ is buildings, those huge spaceships look even worse. where you will be cooped up in this ginormous flying building. humans and animals need space, otherwise they become psychologically damaged, as you can see with say battery hens. modern zoos give each animal a huge enclosure.

I would much rather have a holiday in the mountains, or by the sea, or by a lake etc. when you go on this space journey, what are you hoping to find? another planet? we already have this one. we are evolved perfectly for this one. I dont see what else there is in outer space other than planets. outer space seems to be stars, which you cant visit, planets and moons. beyond that asteroids, meteors, comets and other debris.

I think these ideas of space travel are "the grass is always greener on the other side". in the film "total recall" the advert says: wherever you go on holiday, you are always you, we offer something different where you can become someone else. I think the best change is to change ourselves, to change the way we think, rather than to change our location. wherever a chimpanzee goes, it is still a chimpanzee. But if you can train the chimpanzee, wherever it goes it is a better chimpanzee, like in the film "Better Man"

another fundamental problem of space travel, is when you return to earth, your immune system hasnt kept up with the continually changing diseases. so you could catch all kinds of infections on return.

note that if you travel very near to the speed of light, when you return to your planet, a million years might have gone by for the planet, and the species might have evolved beyond all recognition.

I personally think destiny has placed us on this planet for a reason, and we have to work out how to manage this planet properly before we fly off towards a dot in the sky and vanish into that dot.

as regards life evolving on other planets, the problem is the evolution of life here is based on ginormous coincidences. eg the haemoglobin molecule, which is so complicated that the discovery got a Nobel prize.
warm bloodedness is just for mammals and birds, the other reptiles never evolved it.

DNA is the biggest coincidence of all, it is so complex, where there are 4 bases, and sets of 3 encode an amino acid from a set of some 21 amino acids. and the amino acids encode proteins, the amount of coincidences for this to form is basically near impossible.
 
Right now I am making use of it majorly, doing extensive backups and verifying of backups. if I leave it on when shopping, I mute the alarm. I will delay a bit before trying to email them about the software, to instead just use the UPS. I need to also find out what is going on as regards the seasonic, as it is way too long for a warranty claim.
With UPS now up and running and you're waiting on Seasonic RMA, would it be safe to assume that your topic has now concluded? Since you got your issue(s) solved?

in particular ecotank and inktank are also meaningful words, so its better to say the latter, and is guaranteed to be misunderstood if you say inkjet. you should never describe an ecotank as an inkjet as people will always misunderstand. Epson also do the conventional inkjets.
Ecotank is still an inkjet printer. Only variation is how the ink is stored. Rather than having small ink cartridges as my Canon printer has it, yours have ink tanks, which have bigger ink capacity. Also the ink refill method differs.
But the method how the ink is delivered to the paper is still the same. Spread to the paper by ink nozzles. And that delivery method is what defines the printer as an inkjet.

Or in short:
Your Epson = inkjet printer with ink tanks.
My Canon = inkjet printer with ink cartridges.

Moreover, "Ecotank" is just marketing on Epson part, to call inkjet printer with ink tanks as such. A model name to say so. But Ecotank is not it's own dedicated printer type. Nor is Epson the only one who produces such printers. HP Smart Tank and Canon Maxify are also inkjet printers with ink tanks, like your Epson Ecotank is.

if you say inkjet, EVERYONE will understand that as a cartridge you insert into a machine, and so just as real politik you musnt say inkjet if you mean ink tank. it is so different that its like comparing a jet to a propellor.
Inkjet is a printer that uses liquid ink. And that, everyone will understood. How the ink is stored (cartridges or tank), matters little.

As different as comparing jet to a propeller? 🤔 I guess you haven't seen a turboprop engine. Take a look at e.g Tu-95 and you'll see how turboprop engine looks like.

There are several variations: turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, turboshaft, ramjet, scramjet. But they all are still collectively known as jet engines. It is just a variation of the same fundamental operation of gas turbine engine.

I disagree! language evolves, people do this all the time, and some of the usages become permanent, otherwise we would all be speaking english like its used in the bible and Shakespeare. the use of english has changed even since the 1950s. actually today I find it difficult to understand the young people, say early 20s, as their use of language has changed so much, and for the worse. if you watch films from the 1950s and earlier, the way they talk is different from today.
One thing is how the word has molded over the years, while retaining it's meaning.
E.g old - middle - modern English;
oxa - oxe - ox
hnutu - nute - nut
sunu - sone - son
hringas - rynges - rings
drincan - drinken - drink
windas - windes - winds
bohton - boghten - bought

Completely different thing is when you erroneously, based (solely) on your personal feelings, state something with a different word which it is not.
Few examples;
Ecotank - model of Epson inkjet printers, using ink tanks to store ink.
DIMM - modern DDR RAM used in PCs, which you called SIMM before i corrected you on that part (do you remember that?)
SIM card - small card inside the mobile phone to make calls. Which you also called as SIMM, since you thought it was worded as such. (Also had to correct you on that part.)

Most likely there are far more words that you use erroneously based on your personal feelings. But i'm not the one who is going to correct you on all aspects. I already opened your eyes regarding DIMM and SIM cards. And maybe on inkjet printers as well. That's enough for me. Feel free to use the words as you see fit, but don't be surprised when people don't understand you since you are using wrong words.

you give your kids an Amiga 500 not a PC!
1st one i would give is a calculator. If a kid can not learn to use it, then there is no hope for anything more complex. 😆

you might have heard of Electronic Arts? their main market was the Amiga, eg their programs Deluxe Paint and Deluxe Music.
Electronic Arts.... known on the days of old as EOA. In later years, as EA. One of the most hated companies in PC gaming industry due to their business plan of buying out smaller studios that do well, to reap from what they sow and after a while, close down the studio. Without no hope of getting any successor game in the series. Many great studios have closed down due to EA acquisition. To name the few: Westwood Studios, Bullfrog Productions, Maxis.

this is all fantasy, the guy who drew these was probably high on some illegal drugs!
That cube looking space ship is actually Borg Cube, from Star Trek.

But i used the two to convey my concept in terms of practical space ship design vs impractical one.

actual spaceships are more like living in a large dustbin with a glass lid!
As of why current space ships are cylindrical, is due to the very limited cargo space in the space rocket. Which too is cylindrical in shape, because it has to fly through the atmosphere. But when space ship would be constructed in the space, then there is no restrictions of it's shape. It can be any, because there is no air in the space and space ship hull doesn't have to be aerodynamic.

some other problems with huge space journeys: first is you could get lost!
You could get lost on the sea as well. But you can navigate via the stars. Space ship would do the same.

and frankly the night sky all looks the same to me
For normal person, yes. But for an astrologer, they can easily tell a diff between different stars/constellations.

Deckhand has no business being helmsman or cartographer. Just like normal person wouldn't be put in charge to steer the space ship through the space.

another problem with spaceships is mutiny, the bigger the ship the more dangerous a mutiny will be. eg this planet is a kind of de facto spaceship, and look at all the revolutions and wars!
Mutiny is concern in every place where there is a chain of command. But space ships can operate based on army structure. E.g aircraft carrier crew is 5000-6000 people, all working towards common goal and every person having their specific dedicated role.

With good training, where every person feels that their contribution is valued, there are little to no grounds for mutiny. Hence why US army is so effective. But the same can not be said about Russian army.

as regards life evolving on other planets, the problem is the evolution of life here is based on ginormous coincidences
I don't think the evolution of human life on Earth has been a great coincidence. I don't think it is a coincidence at all.

Human life evolution on Earth is as good of a coincidence as sheep life evolution on Faroe Islands.
 
With UPS now up and running and you're waiting on Seasonic RMA, would it be safe to assume that your topic has now concluded? Since you got your issue(s) solved?
I'll only post when there is a development from where things are now eg if and when I hear about the Seasonic, the machine is functioning but with a different PSU. so far no problems with the Corsair RM1000x, and generally it says I will get 54 minutes when I do major disk copying or verifying. right now it says 60 min. I'll post also if I test out the actual time the UPS gives,

Ecotank is still an inkjet printer. Only variation is how the ink is stored. Rather than having small ink cartridges as my Canon printer has it, yours have ink tanks, which have bigger ink capacity. Also the ink refill method differs.
But the method how the ink is delivered to the paper is still the same. Spread to the paper by ink nozzles. And that delivery method is what defines the printer as an inkjet.

Or in short:
Your Epson = inkjet printer with ink tanks.
My Canon = inkjet printer with ink cartridges.
and that is where the problem is, the connection between cartridge and the nozzles is dubious, whereas with the ink tank, the tank is integral to the machine and so they get a perfect connection. Also it allows much finer ink liquid, where with the cartridges that ink could leak out, so no they are not the same, but you havent used one so you are imagining they are the same, they are NOT the same.

just look at the cost, cartridges are some 10x more expensive than the ink tanks per page, if they were the same then your cartridges could use the same ink and be the same cost.

not only is it more ink, the ink per page is 10x cheaper.

the way cartridge printers make money is from the cartridges. they sell you the printer very cheaply, say £60, but then to print 6000 pages, you have to buy 30 cartridges which each cost say £40, ie total cost
30 x 40 + 60 = £1260

whereas with Ecotank, you buy one printer for say £200, and then you might need 3 bottle changes of £40 each,
total cost 3 x 40 + 200 = 320.

so the cartridge system is a false economy. in fact the manager of a staples told me this, he said: dont be fooled by the cheap prices of the inkjet printers, they make their money from the cartridges.

you are saying the nozzle is the same, I am not just looking at the nozzle but the entire architecture which is totally different. The cartridge is a very expensive bit of stuff, whereas with ink tanks it is a mere plastic bottle.

its like saying a tractor and a lorry both use wheels and an internal combustion engine, so a tractor is a lorry.


Moreover, "Ecotank" is just marketing on Epson part, to call inkjet printer with ink tanks as such.
its not just marketing, they call their cartridge based ones inkjets, the ink tanks have a different label because so radically different. your use of words is anti progress, where its like calling a steam engine an iron horse. Because you can only think of propulsion via horses.

A model name to say so. But Ecotank is not it's own dedicated printer type. Nor is Epson the only one who produces such printers. HP Smart Tank and Canon Maxify are also inkjet printers with ink tanks, like your Epson Ecotank is.
others do make the technology, and in your own words HP also call it a tank.

I have generally found Canon disappointing, I bought a Canon EOS 600D and my Samsung Ultra 24 photos are 10x as good. I bought a Canon laser printer once, the LBP 50-50 and the print quality was total garbage! later I got a Samsung colour laser and much better. Then I got talked into a huge HP inkjet, then online I saw an amazon reviewer saying its ok but not as good as his Epson. so I managed to cancel the purchase before it arrived, and when I went to look at Epsons, I was told about Ecotanks and they had some example prints which were so good I bought in, and no regrets, and have been using ecotanks ever since. if you use an ecotank you'll junk your cartridge based machine!

Inkjet is a printer that uses liquid ink. And that, everyone will understood. How the ink is stored (cartridges or tank), matters little.
wrong! it does matter, as you have the problem of the join between cartridge and printer which can never be perfect. whereas with the tank based printers it is all integral, there is no connect and disconnect action, where that is always problematic, whether for electrics or plumbing.

the way it affects print quality, is the integral system enables a much finer ink which would seep through the cartridge join, enabling 10x cheaper printing. my ET 16150 ink is super fine. when I say fine I mean like small radius, like fine gold.

As different as comparing jet to a propeller? 🤔 I guess you haven't seen a turboprop engine. Take a look at e.g Tu-95 and you'll see how turboprop engine looks like.
There are several variations: turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, turboshaft, ramjet, scramjet. But they all are still collectively known as jet engines. It is just a variation of the same fundamental operation of gas turbine engine.

yes, and they are all also known as "things". so you could also just refer to the ink tanks, laser printers, turbojets as things!

you seem to have this idea that language is an unchangeable monolith, that mere humans arent allowed to change. Maybe this is a soviet era problem, as the soviet use of language wasnt for communication, but to confuse and disempower. and eg the kremlin generally uses "opposite speak", where the truth is always the opposite of what they say. George Orwell's books looked at a lot of the misuse of language by the soviets. his book Animal Farm was banned in the soviet union, where the animal farm in the story is a parody of the soviet union. there is a fantastic animatronic version as a DVD here In the story the animals have a revolution overthrowing the humans.

anyway the use of language in the soviet union was to oppress people, to obstruct them, I think you have inadvertently learnt this misuse.

what you overlook is that language evolution or devolution comes from incorrect uses of language eg from isolated groups who misunderstand usages and these misuses with time become the new standard for their group.

eg all the slavic languages originally were the same language, but from geographical isolation have become russian, serbian, czechish, polish etc. some words remain unchanged, eg the word for street is oolitsa in both polish and russian. but eg the russian language doesnt have the j sound, which must have been lost. whereas polish has the j sound eg jenkooye.

One thing is how the word has molded over the years, while retaining it's meaning.
E.g old - middle - modern English;
oxa - oxe - ox
hnutu - nute - nut
sunu - sone - son
hringas - rynges - rings
drincan - drinken - drink
windas - windes - winds
bohton - boghten - bought
yes, but this is an example of selective quotation! you have selected examples which fit your theory. there are also examples which dont.

those examples you give have changed through misuses, mis-hearings, and also the fact that a non literate society leads to uncertainty about similar sounding words. up to about 1850, most people in the world were illiterate, it was only elite people who could read and write.

so eg drincan and drinken are very similar sounding, the a and the e are unstressed and thus so similar that they are the "same".

hringas sounds very similar to rings, also some people have difficulty making the h sound.

once a language is written with standardised spelling and the main population literate, the language changes more slowly also the structure improves, as people discern and fix structures that they observe.

a lot of british people mis-spell "their" as "there". eg they'll say "there kids" when they mean "their kids".

what happens with spoken language, is you get many things which are on the boundary of 2 things, where 2 different things sound so similar that they are essentially the same. this can cause a subtle change of the language. with time the subtle changes accumulate into a major change.

anyway, language evolution is mostly from misunderstood usages.
Completely different thing is when you erroneously, based (solely) on your personal feelings, state something with a different word which it is not.
no! most language evolution occurs exactly thus, that everyone uses language as they think correct based on personal feelings.

the classic example directly contradicting what you assert is to call an SSD a drive, namely solid state DRIVE

and eg even you talk of thumb drives, but the word drive means to physically force a person or object, eg to physically rotate something, hence to drive a car, and to drive some animals out of a field, and a disk drive, the disk drive physically rotates the disk. But now the word drive has metamorphosed to mean storage object.

to drive literally is to push something. there is no pushing with SSDs.

another metamorphosed word is "computer" and in fact the germans call a computer a "rechner" ie a calculator. but both words are incorrect. see eg https://www.amazon.de/GMR-Ultra-Business-Office-WiFi-Bluetooth/dp/B0DL6PF28K and ensure you set language to german.

in the early days Turing envisioned computers as calculating devices, and the early uses of computers were to calculate. the early computer theorists construed computers as being mathematics,

but today's computers mostly dont calculate but mostly move data around. eg if you use a word processor, there isnt much of computation, but it is just to shunt data from mind to keyboard to file.

there is some calculation, but it is mostly very basic, eg calculating which character in the document is referenced when you click a document.

when you copy a file, that is data shunting, as is visiting a website: the server just shunts say an html file to your browser which the browser interprets as an image.

so the more accurate word is processor, where a CPU spends most of its time processing data, in particular a lot of what a CPU does is move data.

Few examples;
Ecotank - model of Epson inkjet printers, using ink tanks to store ink.
DIMM - modern DDR RAM used in PCs, which you called SIMM before i corrected you on that part (do you remember that?)
SIM card - small card inside the mobile phone to make calls. Which you also called as SIMM, since you thought it was worded as such. (Also had to correct you on that part.)
those latter 2 were ignorant uses, but so is calling an SSD a drive, its not a drive, you might as well call the DIMM a drive.

and then you write 10000 as 10.000 when that is OUTRIGHT WRONG for the anglophone world, and can lead to financial jeopardy!

the correct use is:

10000 = 10,000 1/1000 = 0.001 10001/10 = 1,000.1

so when I transfer euros from my eurozone bank account to the UK, and I select the english language, I dont know which system they use so I dont use either "." or ","

Most likely there are far more words that you use erroneously based on your personal feelings.

so do you! eg you said the PSU catched, when that should be "caught",
and eg you write "i" instead of "I", the word "I" is the most important word of the english language, and it is the only word you MUST capitalise. if you dont capitalise any other word, that is ok, but the word "I" is so fundamental that you must capitalise it. if someone spells "I" as "i" then I know their first language isnt english.


But i'm not the one who is going to correct you on all aspects. I already opened your eyes regarding DIMM and SIM cards. And maybe on inkjet printers as well. That's enough for me. Feel free to use the words as you see fit, but don't be surprised when people don't understand you since you are using wrong words.


1st one i would give is a calculator. If a kid can not learn to use it, then there is no hope for anything more complex. 😆

well that was the sequence for me:

Casio non scientific calculator in 1977 with green leds, then casio lcd watch 1979, then other Casio lcd watches, and eventually Amiga 500 computer approx 1988. then Amiga 1200 approx 1993. HP Pavilion PC approx 2004.

Electronic Arts.... known on the days of old as EOA. In later years, as EA. One of the most hated companies in PC gaming industry due to their business plan of buying out smaller studios that do well, to reap from what they sow and after a while, close down the studio. Without no hope of getting any successor game in the series. Many great studios have closed down due to EA acquisition. To name the few: Westwood Studios, Bullfrog Productions, Maxis.
well they ditched the amiga scene as soon as the PC graphics outdid the Amiga's.

The Amiga could display 4096 colours in 1985 using 6 bit planes using their HAM graphics mode, HAM = "hold and modify", where each pixel could change one colour component relative to the pixel on the left, leading to photo realistic colours. where it could get to any colour of 4096 in 3 pixels. eg to get from (r,g,b) = (1000,100, 10) to (100,10,1) it could do: (1000,100,10), (100,100,10), (100,10,10), (100,10,1)

I bought some software at the time called Digipaint which could display photo realistic colours thus.

HAM mode wasnt suitable for games as slower to compute. for games people used a 5 bitplane image with an arbitrary palette of 32 colours from the 4096 available 12 bit colours.

this enabled very colourful games, and some arcade machines were based on Amigas, eg the Marble madness game.

the OS was pre-emptive multitasking way back in 1985, 10 years before Windows.

now where the Amiga totally outdoes the PC and Linux is for programming as its much easier to understand the entire system, its the only system where a lot of people understand the totality. eg I have an overall understanding of the entire AmigaOS system. So it was both sophisticated and yet also they simplified a lot of the concepts that Unix had, and its much simpler to understand than Windows.

That cube looking space ship is actually Borg Cube, from Star Trek.

But i used the two to convey my concept in terms of practical space ship design vs impractical one.


As of why current space ships are cylindrical, is due to the very limited cargo space in the space rocket. Which too is cylindrical in shape, because it has to fly through the atmosphere. But when space ship would be constructed in the space, then there is no restrictions of it's shape. It can be any, because there is no air in the space and space ship hull doesn't have to be aerodynamic.
although there is no air like on earth, there is a kind of air of ginormous particles, namely the debris, outer space is filled with rocks and stuff, that is how the planets keep growing: the planet gravity attracts debris, and if the debris gets too close the atmosphere slows it down by air resistance and it lands on the earth. just from this, eventually this planet will become a star.

a planet such as jupiter is well progressed towards becoming a star.

the rings of saturn are from debris, where its an accumulation zone of debris.

musks efforts in space are creating huge amounts of man made debris, space junk.

You could get lost on the sea as well. But you can navigate via the stars. Space ship would do the same.

I disagree, navigating by the stars is only possible because apart from the sun, the nearest star is so far away, namely alpha centauri 4.67 light years, ie 3 x 10^5km/s x 60s/min x 60min/hr x 24hr/day x 365.25day/yr x 4.67yrs= 44,212,197,600,000 km = 44 million million km = 44 trillion km away,

that even as the earth orbits the sun, the stars in the sky are "fixed". the only things which change in the night sky are the sun, the moon, the planets, and things such as halley's comet. the other stuff, the stars other than the sun are fixed, where its as if the sky is a sphere with dots on it. so if you know the arrangement of dots on that sphere, and have an accurate clock, you can navigate. now after huge amounts of time the night sky will change!

but once you travel say 1/3 of the way across just our own galaxy, the stars in the sky will be totally different, and also its tricky to compute and observe. from this planet they have mapped out a lot of the stars and galaxies but they use ginormous telescopes, which scan the sky every night, eg in south africa and in south america etc. its not viable to have such telescopes on your starship.
as an analogy, its a bit like if where you live, in the distance there is a tower 4km away, and to the right of it is a forest 2km away, then if you walk around in a 20m radius, the tower is always to the left of the forest.

the problem is if you keep moving rightwards eventually the forest will be in line with the tower, and eventually the forest is on the left of the tower. this is the phenomenon of parallax. where from a train, nearer objects whizz by faster than further objects. the forest is nearer, so it "moves" leftwards faster than the tower, as you move rightwards.

so because all the stars other than the sun are so far away, no matter where you are on this planet, and no matter what hour or month, there is no discernible parallax, so you can navigate via charts of the night sky and a clock. but just our galaxy is 105700 light years, so is 105700/4.67 x 44 trillion miles = a million trillion miles, so just to trek across our galaxy the change in parallax is huge, and then add in the problem of time incoherence. basically the night sky is a collage of totally different eras.

the star you see from 400 light years away, is in 1625AD, the star you see from 4000 light years away is from 1975BC, etc. so the problem is when you travel 200 light years, the relative eras of those same stars has changed, so you have navigational chaos. here with a train journey you only get parallax of distance, but with travel to star systems you'll get parallax both of time and space, eg some of the stars you might be planning to visit might have already vanished! because a star at the other end of the milky way is some 105700 years ago, so its like seeing an advert in a newspaper from 1900 of a theatre performance, but when you go there it vanished in 1903.

Star trek is implausible whimsy, and is propaganda to get americans to accept the ginormous taxpayer cost of space ventures.


For normal person, yes. But for an astrologer, they can easily tell a diff between different stars/constellations.

only from this planet, once you go a huge distance, the image of stars changes because of time and distance parallax, and this solar system will become a dot, eventually our entire galaxy becomes a dot, then eventually a 1000 galaxies become a dot. how will you find your way back?

Deckhand has no business being helmsman or cartographer. Just like normal person wouldn't be put in charge to steer the space ship through the space.


Mutiny is concern in every place where there is a chain of command. But space ships can operate based on army structure. E.g aircraft carrier crew is 5000-6000 people, all working towards common goal and every person having their specific dedicated role.

With good training, where every person feels that their contribution is valued, there are little to no grounds for mutiny. Hence why US army is so effective. But the same can not be said about Russian army.
ah yes, but that is because with the russian army each commander makes his own decisions. so a commander can mutiny against the kremlin. this is what happened when they sent in the military against Yeltsin, that he persuaded the commanders to switch sides. the advantage of this system is they dont have to wait for orders to come from the Kremlin, or from incompetent generals. the disadvantage is it can lead to mayhem for the kremlin. where the commanders can mutiny, which they did by changing sides to Yeltsin, that was how communism ended in Russia.

I don't think the evolution of human life on Earth has been a great coincidence. I don't think it is a coincidence at all.

Human life evolution on Earth is as good of a coincidence as sheep life evolution on Faroe Islands.
the human part is a lot of coincidences, built upon the coincidences of primate evolution, built upon the coincidences of mammalian evolution, built upon the coincidences of vertebrate evolution, etc.

so eg it was maybe 1.8 million years ago that humanoids started controlling fire. but that requires hands that can deal with this, eg your doggo lacks the necessary hands. do you really think it is viable for your doggo to evolve the hands just to create fire? the amount of coincidences necessary is basically not plausible.

and our feet would be ineffective also. it also required the evolution of language which requires the evolution of vocal cords. the chimps only have rudimentary voices, and gorillas are mostly silent. birds can have sophisticated voice control eg parrots.

basically evolution to humans is such a ginormous timescale, some 3 billion years of landlife evolution, that it isnt even viable to comprehend. just the life of one person isnt viable to understand properly. the full set of things a person does over their life is generally too complicated to understand, and we have to generalise a bit.

history is a huge oversimplification.

so for me my money is that this planet is the only civilisation in the universe. But what I am prepared to accept is that there were advanced civilisations before us, eg in the ice age when the sea level was much lower, eg potentially atlantis. where eg the early civilisations such as Egypt, Indus and Sumer may have been colonies of civilisations such as atlantis. but with the end of the ice age, where the ice was 9km high, the sea level rose very fast obliterating those low altitude civilisations.

so there might have been more advanced primates than humans today, where they were mortal gods.

in your baltic region, there was a legendary civilisation of Vineta which vanished under the sea! But I dont know which era that is alleged to have been.

 
I'll only post when there is a development from where things are now eg if and when I hear about the Seasonic, the machine is functioning but with a different PSU. so far no problems with the Corsair RM1000x, and generally it says I will get 54 minutes when I do major disk copying or verifying. right now it says 60 min. I'll post also if I test out the actual time the UPS gives,
Okay. I'll then keep my replies at minimum. Until there is other, PC hardware related questions/issues.

so the cartridge system is a false economy. in fact the manager of a staples told me this, he said: dont be fooled by the cheap prices of the inkjet printers, they make their money from the cartridges.
I am well aware of the flaws of inkjet printer that uses ink cartridges.

you are saying the nozzle is the same, I am not just looking at the nozzle but the entire architecture which is totally different. The cartridge is a very expensive bit of stuff, whereas with ink tanks it is a mere plastic bottle.
Like it or not, your Epson Ecotank printer is still inkjet printer.

There are 5 main categories of printers;
* inkjet - uses liquid ink to spray droplets of ink onto the paper.
* laser - uses toner powder and laser beam to fuse the image on the paper.
* dot matrix - uses pins to strike inked ribbon to create characters.
* thermal - uses heat to transfer images onto special heat-sensitive paper.
* 3D - used to create three-dimensional objects by layering materials.

When you're adamant that your Ecotank isn't inkjet, then what it is? Laser? Dot matrix? Thermal? Or even 3D printer? 🙄

Official specs of your printer states that printing method is: "PrecisionCore Print Head".
Specs: https://www.epson.eu/en_EU/products...k-et-16150-a3+-wi-fi-ink-tank-printer/p/30125

Now, the question; what is PrecisionCore Print Head?
Well, read it and weep:

original

Direct link if image doesn't load: https://mediaserver.goepson.com/ImC...Id=B2C&assetDescr=ecotank_home_bg_lifestyle-1

Image taken from official Epson website,
lihk: https://epson.com/ecotank-home-office-printers

It literally says on the tin: "Unique Next-Generation Inkjet Technology."

You did see the word "inkjet", right?

You can throw a tantrum if you like, but if you want to get to the bottom of this, i suggest that you send an e-mail to Epson and ask them if their Ecotank printers, or namely your Ecotank ET-16150, is inkjet or not.

And this is where i end the printer discussion. Since i've proven beyond a reasonable doubt, that Ecotank printers are inkjet printers.

its like saying a tractor and a lorry both use wheels and an internal combustion engine, so a tractor is a lorry.
Articulated lorry, also known as "tractor-trailer", consisting of a specialized tractor unit and detachable trailer, usually by fifth wheel coupling.
Since the front part of that combo is a tractor designed to pull trailers, thus, tractor = lorry.

Another example; what is Unimog?
Is it a tractor? Or is it a truck (lorry)?

The word "tractor" was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of trahere "to pull".
So, any vehicle that is used to pull something, can be called a tractor. E.g if i'd hook small, 750kg trailer behind my car, where my car then pulls the trailer, my car can be considered as tractor. Since it is pulling something.

the classic example directly contradicting what you assert is to call an SSD a drive, namely solid state DRIVE
SSD (Solid State Drive) is called a "drive" because it serves the same fundamental purpose as a traditional hard disk drive (HDD): to store data persistently on a computer. While SSDs use a different technology (solid-state memory) than HDDs (spinning disks), they both function as storage devices, or "drives," within a computer system.
That's why.

but today's computers mostly dont calculate but mostly move data around.
If so, then what is the purpose of the CPU?

CPU still calculates, even when moving data around.
When the CPU moves data, it's essentially orchestrating the transfer of bits and bytes between different memory locations or between memory and peripherals. This process involves the CPU fetching instructions related to data movement, decoding them, and then directing the data transfer using its control unit and address/data buses. While this isn't a calculation in the traditional sense (e.g when performing arithmetic or logical operations), it requires the CPU to manage the movement of data based on the instructions it receives, effectively controlling the flow of information.

so do you! eg you said the PSU catched, when that should be "caught",
English past tense and past participle has never been my strong side.
But since you understood what i was saying, we can leave it at that.

Estonian language has 14 cases and keeping them all remembered, to speak correctly, is quite a workout. And when adding 3 cases of English to it, then things get difficult.

and eg you write "i" instead of "I", the word "I" is the most important word of the english language, and it is the only word you MUST capitalise. if you dont capitalise any other word, that is ok, but the word "I" is so fundamental that you must capitalise it. if someone spells "I" as "i" then I know their first language isnt english.
Capital "i" usage comes from handwriting times, where it would've been easily mistaken when written next to "m", "n" or "u". Thus, not to let it get lost in handwritten text, "i" was capitalized. But in modern day, with typed text, there is no need to capitalize "i" anymore, since it won't get lost in the text (as long as one bothers to use space between words).

You scrutinize my usage of "i" while you are writing "English" with lower case "e". :non: English has always been written with capitalized "e", even in the middle of the sentence.
So, whenever you speak of language or nationality, English must always be capitalized since it is a proper noun and therefore requires a capital letter.


I digress the rest, since i like to keep my reply to minimum. But i did read all what you said.