The link to your adapter shows a list of many different ones so not sure which one you mean, but all of them are for hdd which means that they will show the cd drive as a hard drive which will make it useless.
The main problem with what you want to do is going to be the power, unless you go relatively high in price the power delivery will be crap and possibly fail pretty quickly.
The best solution to this would be to get a molex extension cable and feed it outside the PC case to your CD from your PSU, if need be with a
molex to sata power adapter, and if you do that you could also get a long sata cable and connect it normally to your mobo.