Question What part(s) of a motherboard is most fragile?

If a motherboard is unworkable, which components on the board most likely die first?
"Die first" and "most fragile" are two very different questions.
Most fragile is usually the CPU socket for newer generation CPUs. With the contacts in the socket, it is very easy to bend them.
Die first ... Power delivery for a totally non-functional motherboard, that was previously functional. But a damaged CPU socket can make a motherboard non-functional.
 
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The question are formulated in a way, it seems OP want an over simplified answer, and that will for sure be wrong.

There is several aspect about motherboard that may indicate life shortening weaknesses
  • A user may press the ram sticks or other components with great force while the motherboard are placed on standoff screws in the cabinet. This may cause mechanical stress that over time may cause failure - including soldering spots. I try to always have a motherboard lying on an anti static mat (same as include in the package when purchasing new mb) on a table when pressing down RAM and CPU.
  • Poor cooling combined with frequent cycles where temperatures goes from cold to very high. This is a known issue for gaming rigs placed on the floor collecting fine dust.
  • Your location is a place where voltage spikes on main voltage is frequent and there is no over-voltage protection installed. Contrary to what many seems to believe, energy from such a voltage spike can actually transfer through the PSU into 12V and thus killing the motherboard.
 
No post beep, no display but all fans(case, cpu and video card fans) are spinning. I took out the ram, it did beep after turning on. I have met several similar situation before. I just threw away the motherboards and replaced them with new ones. I just wanted to know which parts of motherboard are easy to damage.
 
No post beep, no display but all fans(case, cpu and video card fans) are spinning. I took out the ram, it did beep after turning on. I have met several similar situation before. I just threw away the motherboards and replaced them with new ones. I just wanted to know which parts of motherboard are easy to damage.
what kind of damage ?
 
As a 'for instance' if the motherboard is LGA, the socket is quite susceptible to damage. On the other hand, that is transferred to the CPU when PGA.

If any of the small diodes, resistors, things such as that get knocked they can break or come loose.

The actual board itself can be damaged by tooling or improper handling. Think scratches or droppage.

Boards are typically quite easily damaged by erroneous voltages from improper installation and/or bad power supplies. Along this same line having something short on the back or front such as having a standoff that isn't needed or a small sliver of metal in the case from threading and so forth.

In the instance of a failure and troubleshoot we could be a LOT more helpful if you would list the parts and problem alongside what you have tried to remedy the situation. This is nothing more than shooting into the dark.
 

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