The answer is yes. And no. It's entirely possible to bottleneck any cpu, no matter of its Intel or AMD, no matter if it's dual core or 32 core Xeon. It's entirely dependent on the software being used.
Skyrim is a perfect example. Normally it runs @2 threads and on Intel will easily run vanilla on an old c2d. Add mods, enb etc and you can stuff an i5, even max out 3-4 threads on an i7 and cause a bottleneck simply due to the game not expanding thread count, but packing its used threads to 100%. Once those 4 threads hit 100%, it's going to slow down and bottleneck, the gpu being the victim. Intels greater IPC being a bonus, the threads are in and gone faster than with Amd, so is harder to bottleneck, but the affect remains the same, it's possible to bottleneck.
The that 1080ti and lower resolution, lower gpu settings and the card will demand higher fps, which will crunch the cpu.
So yes, you can bottleneck the R7 1700 with a 1080ti, the chances however being slimmer unless you do something dumb like lowering settings and demanding more from the cpu than it can realistically provide.