Question Wondering what this potentiometer controls on this board, Its a Mean Well LOP-500-27 without variable voltage.

if you don´t know it, leave it, replace it. Too dangerous to adjust while hot wired, if you don´t know what you are doing.

what´s the naming of the connector beside and the potentiometer on the board?

Most likely the fan spin rate, voltage to the fan will be controlled by it. is the voltage rating of the fans identical?