The Reference design as I mentioned earlier can only handle 300 watts max in theory because the 8 pin connector provides 150 watts of power, the 6 pin 75 watts of power and the pci express slot provides 75 for a total of 300 watts. In the past before load balancing the GPU couldn't distribute the power properly and sometimes this would cause the gpu to fail however there were non reference cards with custom PCB's like the Asus that had arguably a better design for overclocking.
I wouldn't think too much about the power phase design that has to do with power distribution & voltage regulation. Basically the better design will improve efficiency and stability for overclocking and general operation and longevity.
The power phase for the reference card is 6 for the gpu core and 2 for the memory and for a card designed for overclocking like the classified kingpin edition has 14 power phases for the gpu and 3 for the memory... The kingpin can also use a 450 watt maximum.
The new Asus direct cu 2 has 2 x 8 power connector for a potential of 375 watts, below are some more details about the card.
I think you got a good card and got lucky to get a card with a 78.6 Asic quality, I'm don't think you should spend an extra $100 if your card is working properly because even a stock gtx 780 ti will give you a great gaming experience at 1440p while playing a demanding game like Metro LL.
The benefit of the Asus card is you might have a little bit more fun overclocking it however I suggest you keep this card play with it and until the next worthy upgrade and try a high end non reference card however when you get a non reference card you have to take into consideration that they are not a blower style card like the reference and you need to put them in the a good case with a proper fan configuration or hot air will circulate in your case...
Basically if you want to get the best overclock, I recommend you get a ROG Motherboard that has an excellent power design with the very high end Japanese capacitors and chokes, the best power supply like a corsair AX 1200 i Platinum or a platinum Seasonic that will have High end caps and a digital power design, Make sure you get a good case with a good fan arrangement and water cooling if you want to be more extreme.
You will also need compatible stable ram and components for your system and a high end non reference card. You can then practice more extreme overclocking.
If you read the specs you will notice that the card uses a 10 phase power design, digital voltage regulators, Japanese capacitors, probably high end chokes and other components that are part of the power design/ voltage regulation that improves efficiency and stability.
I think Asus will eventually introduce a ROG version of the 780 ti that will be even better!
DIGI+ VRM with Super Alloy Power
30% less power noise and 2.5X greater durability
Acclaimed DIGI+ VRM has been applied via a 10-phase power design that uses digital voltage regulators to minimize power noise by 30%, enhance power efficiency by 15%, widen voltage modulation tolerance, and improve overall stability and longevity by 2.5 times over reference.
POSCAPs to lower power noise, enhance overclocking, and improve stability far beyond standard analog designs
My steam account should be under mikekana or mrivkin