"Spider nest" indeed.
Good news being that no one spray painted it all.
General observations:
The incoming orange cable leads to a 3 way splitter. Only one of the three "outs" goes to another 3 way splitter that, in turn, seems to have only one "out" as well. Not sure about that black cable paralleling the orange cable. Both coming out of the larger orange interduct.
Orange cable also has rather sharp looking bend - may or may not be in spec. Even if okay I would still avoid such a turn if at all possible.
There is a third splitter with two outgoing cables.
There appears to be some black to white coax barrel connection.
And the unused splitter connections appear to have some sort of extension on them. Not sure.
Both splitters have ground/earth connections. Grounding is needed but I am likewise not sure about the need to have both (or all three splitters) connected as it appears they are. Possibly leading to ground loop issues.
I also noted one black cable that does not appear to be terminated at all. And another simply cut off. There is also a white cable next the the green security tag that appears unterminted.
One white cable, terminated, just hanging at mid level in the box.
Tie wraps also. They can be used but often tend to be pulled too tight and cause crimping.
Some thinner white cable cables - telephone?? Grey looking cable with black print...?
End result of all that means, to me anyway, that signal strength and consistency is being lost. Interference problems as well.
Take the time to make a careful trace all of the connections starting with the incoming orange cable.
Sketch out a diagram with each splitter and splitter port being numbered in some manner and show the cables between splitters and where all of the outgoing coax cables go.
Look at what is printed along the length of the cables.... Make note of that labeling as well. Could be the wrong type of cables.
Inspect those cable runs and termination points (e.g. a coax wall outlet) for further splits, damage, etc..
I would expect that the ISP considers everything beyond the end of the orange cable to be your responsiblity unless one of those connections leads to an ISP provided (rental or otherwise) device.
The sketch does not need to be fancy or artistic. Just clear enough to show the connections involved starting with coax cables.
Then where the coax cables end show what is connected. Connections ending with a modem or router (or modem/router) should be extended to show wired and wireless device connections.
Any sort of loops ( A connected to B connected to C connected to D connected to A again ) will cause problems.
Feel free to post the sketch showing all connections, cables, splitters, devices, etc.. Lable with make and model information. No need for any personally identifying information.
The purpose of the sketch is to get a sense of the big picture and then use the sketch to remove unnecessary connections/splitters and properly ground, terminate, or repair problems.
There may be other comments, thoughts, and suggestions.
Perhaps regarding some error of omission or commision on my part.
No problem with that on this end.