As I've learned recently, these Lenovo machines with switching graphics processors depend on several pieces being just the right version to work with each other. Nvidia Control Panel not opening is a sign that some piece is missing or disabled. Lenovo thankfully puts out mostly compatible stuff if everything is the latest that your OS can use (downloads from NVidia and intel may not work with your machine as their disclaimers say)
For a y510p the software/drivers should be at:
https://pcsupport.lenovo.com/us/en/products/laptops-and-netbooks/ideapad-y-series-laptops/ideapad-y510p-notebook/downloads?linkTrack=Caps%3ABody_SearchProduct&searchType=3&keyWordSearch=Y510P%2520Laptop%2520%2528ideapad%2529
For my Ideapad, I installed (for win 8 or 10 whichever larger number was available):
1. Intel Chipset Driver (probably overkill/not needed)
2. Intel Management Engine Driver
Lenovo Energy Management
Lenovo System Interface Foundation
Took control of C:\temp\NVIDIA (don't know why but a piece of the NVidia installer needed this, so create it if it doesn't exist and make sure your installer gets full control of this location. You can delete it later)
4. Intel VGA Driver
4. NVIDIA VGA Driver (Express Install)
(if these don't work, you will have to uninstall & delete the current drivers via device manager until they are using some Microsoft driver and that may even require safe mode work if things decide to get funny on you and freeze your screen or something of the sort)
Restart
4. NVIDIA VGA Driver (Custom Install with Clean Install checked)
After that (& a restart that was part of the install) NVidia Control Panel worked, and I was able to make the preferred graphics processor in Global Settings the High-Performance NVIDIA processor. Was also sure to Manage updates... and shut off auto updating the driver since I'm pretty sure the most recent one from NVIDIA wasn't playing nice w/ the rest