that an interesting problem, in the japser folder, is there a desktop folder? The default location of desktop should be C:\users\Jasper\Desktop, so if you can finds the actual desktop folder you can change its address to that instead - Try searching C drive for it, showing hidden files and folders.
When you selected reset defaults, did you say Yes to move folders as ideally you say
No as it may try to move hidden folders which is why it doesn't work. You don't want to move contents, just reset default address. I should have mentioned that.
Try running system restore back to a time prior to the changes, it should fix the misdirection
to find system restore is half the battle.
Go to settings/update & security/recovery
under Advanced startup. click restart now
this restarrts Win 10 in a blue menu
choose troubleshoot
choose advanced
choose system restore
pick a date, hopefully a recent one before problem began
PC will restart and roll system settings back to how they were.
Hopefully fix this
If that just has similar errors, its a tricky error to fix. One way is create a new local user on PC, and make it admin. But one step to giving it full access of all your folders is normally to copy the user folder of old one over new, and that could just recreate this problem.
Alternate is just take ownership of the folders and redirect the new library locations to the old ones. Do you have more than 1 hdd? If so, I would move the locations of all the library folders onto another hdd (its easier for rebuilding after a windows disaster this way anyway) so when you create a new user, the documents/music/pictures/videos of old user are easy to find