I think the fact we only use about 20% of our brain anyway says allot too. Imagine unlocking the whole thing.....
No, you use 100% of your brain 100% of the time. Any neurons not in use die. Any neurons created die if they aren’t in use. If you lose a billion neuron you will need to exercise your brain to keep the new neurons you create. Einstein for instance, had so many neurons he actually had extra nodes of extremely dense neural pathways. I want to stress this fact because it’s a widespread misinformation that we only use 10% of our brains, this go against ever piece of nature in existence. If we only used 10% of our brain than it would 1/10 the size it is!
The human brain, as someone already said, is able to remember the answer once it’s been provided; at that point, we are faster. Access to memory is nearly instant, if the memory is "fresh". As time goes by, our "clock" determines what needs to be kept in the temporal cortex, in either case; we can always create a solution. A computer, is given a problem with a method to solve it, the brain can work from an answer, conjecturize, theorize, and solve any question. Think of it this way, a CPU isn’t doing anything creative, it is just plotting data, the answer, question, or means of answering the question are already provided, so it’s really just doing the pencil work for you.
Every time neurons are made, most of them die; the ones that are stimulated are added to the structural network. If you want to exercise the brain do things throughout the day differently than usual. Brush your teeth with your left hand, wash your face before your hair, put your socks on first...Each time you do something differently you put to use new neurons that would otherwise be disposed of naturally. The brain gets so efficient that actions done day in day out have neural highways to complete these tasks, once these are made, they only require a small amount of replacement neurons. This is how doing day to day activities differently can increase your brain activity. Instead of using the highway, a new path is made; sending a ripple effect of impulses across the entire brain, when the right part of the brain receives the signal the action or thought is created. The brain eventually says "HEY, you do this all the time, I’m gonna make a special road to do this task for ya, aight!" and thus, you can do this task with basically no "effort" at all, it’s done faster than other areas that observe where you are at what time (ever wonder how you got in the shower?).
If you don't want to read the above. Just remember that you always use 100% of your brain. Though your 100% is going to differ from other people.