"Meanwhile, the concept of galvanic isolation is used in mainstream electronic circuit design, but we can’t find any purported audio benefits for the technology."
Must not have looked very hard, there are plenty of examples of galvanic isolation being used in audio, like optical audio transfer. Benefits include things like avoiding ground loops. Not really meaningful here tho. I should try an optical USB sometime actually, my microphone attached to my headphones and plugged into my USB audio interface makes a fair bit of low frequency noise, but only when I wear the headphones, and it disappears when I touch a USB port on my computer. Seems like some kind of ground loop issue bleeding into the mic preamp side, not having the USB electrically connected to the PC (interface has its own power supply) could help.