Modern components connect to the motherboard via SATA interface. PATA can still be used if necessary as some motherboards made today still contain a single legacy PATA (also called IDE) interface which can be chained by the IDE cable to host 2 components or via SATA to IDE adapters (I used one on my DVD drive for almost 2 years).
SATA offers more bandwidth, dedicated cabling, much slimmer cables, lower costs and other features.