I am still curious about it all.
Going out of my comfort zone a bit....
Actually .pac may be a special case.
Note the following link:
https://help.zscaler.com/zia/what-pac-file
The matter may not necessarily be an association per se.
As I understand it a specific .pac file association would be necessary only if one wanted to edit .pac files.
But if that was done then IE would never get the "ZEN" data which is necessary so any invocation of a .pac (i.e., test.pac) brings IE (being MS) in.
Remove IE and the issue would indeed be gone or moot.
Lots of information about .pac is available.
E.g.:
https://kb.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=KB67177&locale=en_SG&viewlocale=en_SG
And the mixed results could also, to some degree or another, depend on how aggressive any given app is about going out and claiming an association with any unassociated extension.
Toss in other browsers, JavaScript, etc. and the overall behavior is likely to vary.
May take more testing along the lines of what has been done by
@Nigel Spike and
@gardenman with other browsers and file types such as .xmb.
Rainy day project perhaps....