I heard that the SATA-to-USB conversion may affect the transfer.
have had USB external drive docks for years with SATA disks sitting in them and never an issue with connectivity.
have done very many large file transfers and system backup\restore many times with zero problem.
also have a couple enclosed USB disks that also work great with no loss in connectivity during large file transfers.
one thing you may want to look into regarding the situation is your OS power options.
just make sure your USB power options are all maximized for performance vs power saving.
I find USB more convenient so I’d like to know if it’s worth the hassle.
unless you have SATA data & power cables that you can run outside of the system for quick plug-n-play,
i'd say the USB options are much better than direct SATA connect.