Some games are cpu limited like mmo, sims, and strategy.
Some fast action games like faster graphics cards.
Try this simple test:
Run YOUR games, but lower your resolution and eye candy.
This makes the graphics card loaf a bit.
If your FPS increases, it indicates that your cpu is strong enough to drive a better graphics configuration.
If your FPS stays the same, you are likely more cpu limited.
On graphics, your GTX1050ti is an oldie, but goodie.
It is stronger than any current integrated graphics.
I would initially carry that forward.
You were wise to initially buy a strong high quality psu.
It will allow you to use any graphics card made today.
From what I read, the 8000 series amd processors are essentially 7000 series processors with superior graphics.
It does not imply that 8000 series is otherwise any stronger than current offerings.
It will also require ddr5 ram.
On a budget, you can reuse your ddr4 ram if you buy a DDR4 capable motherboard .
About $110 for example:
https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16813162141?Item=N82E16813162141
DDR4 and DDR5 performance is comparable, and ram speed means little for intel.(excepting integrated graphics)
It used to be that 16gb ram was great.
It still is unless you also are running other apps while gaming.
A basic 2 x 16gb kit of DDR4 may be as low as $50.
A I3-12100 would be about $120:
https://www.newegg.com/intel-core-i3-12100-core-i3-12th-gen/p/N82E16819118370?Item=N82E16819118370
Your I5-6600K has 4 threads and a passmark rating of 6284. The single thread rating is 2331.
The single thread performance is what most games depend on most.
The i3-12100 has 8 threads and a rating of 1450/3550.
You can go up from there.
Run the cpu-Z bench on your 6600K. The single thread rating should be about 518:
https://valid.x86.fr/bench/3nje1c
Yours may be lower because many submissions are from highly overclocked processors.
A step up might be the I5-13500 for $220:
https://www.newegg.com/intel-core-i5-13500-core-i5-13th-gen/p/N82E16819118429?Item=9SIAET8K7F8330
20 threads and a 32474/3957 rating.