Light's speed through air is around 99,9% of the speed of light in vacuum, commonly called <i>c</i>.
The formula that controls this is a very, very simple one:
<b>v = c / n</b>, where
v: speed of light inside particular material
c: speed of light in vacuum
n: index of refraction (IOR) of that particular material (vacuum = 1)
Therefore, because air (at ordinary conditions) has an IOR of 1.00029, light will travel at 0.9997c through it, or 99.97% of the speed of light in vacuum.
A few other examples include water, in which light travels at around 0.75c (IOR 1.33) and diamond, in which light travels at only 0.41c (IOR 2.42). Diamond is, of course, a good example of how slowly light can go through a typical non-opaque material; however, several salts have IORs which are higher than diamond's IOR, even reaching numbers above 5 or so. Inside these materials, light will travel at less than 20% the speed it would have in vacuum.
Actually, I can find out the speed of light inside silicon for you people, if you like. It's a simple calculation, but I'll have to get the two fundamental magnetic and electric properties of silicon first. I'll look it up in some constants handbook...
Ooo, wait, there was one more question...
Does temp. impact lights speed?
<i>Hey, good question.</i>Yes, temperature does make a difference, because it changes the fundamental properties of the materials. The exact relation between those two is not simple, however. Atmospheric Air in particular, however, will change a lot if heated... and as densities change, so does the IOR.
On hot days, cars sometimes have these heat halos (just as in desert illusions), don't they? That's because the density of the air changes inside that small turbulence, effectively altering the IOR along that bit of air and changing your perception of what lies beyond that bit of air - distorting your view.
<font color=red><b>M</b></font color=red>ephistopheles