Chances of a heat pipe opening up are pretty slim. They are crimped or soldered, or both. Heatpipes usually contain a small droplet of water. I don't think the water can permeate through the copper, but that would be a question for a materials scientist and the individual quality of each heat pipes construction. Radioactive decay will eventually get to it, but that is probably a few million years off. I think most of them are made from copper powder and extruded into shape. Some may be extruded from round stock. I know some have an internal braid in a tube. The key factor is capillary action to return the liquid to the hot points after it has evaporated. They are a neat technology if you want to look into it.
I recall reading that article a long time ago. That testing has a long soak to get both coolers up to temperature, and other factors. So if you weren't running your CPU all the time, the overall effect of the water might be better. But that is the only way to do apples to apples. The Noctua will eventually reach a saturation point, the water cooling system can always be run harder in both pump speed and fan speed to cool more effectively. Trade off is noise.
The old H-220X (240mm) is the smaller version of what I have, the H-240X (280mm). Still no idea why they picked those model numbers...
Basically an Apogee XL CPU block, 240mm brass/copper radiator on that model, and something like 5/8 tubing. On the old one you had to adapt the pump to accept G1/4 as well. The newer ones are all G1/4.
Noctua is well known for their fans, and they make same darn good ones. Swiftech, eh, they were okay, but I haven't used mine in a while. So an interesting test they could have done would be to put the noctua fans on the swiftech radiator. Not really fair since that is quite a bit more expensive still, but it would have been an interesting test.
Noctua heatsinks are basically the best on the market, no denying that, particularly when noise normalized. However, you do have to realize how large that NH-D15 actually is. A huge chunk of metal to have hanging off your motherboard and it will be difficult to maneuver around. On older systems it was often responsible for completely blocking the top PCIe slot. M.2 drives are commonly placed there now, and there is RAM clearance to consider. Certainly want to take it out of the system for any significant move.
The Swiftech has the advantage of being expandable. I am running my GPU, CPU, and two 280mm radiators through mine. And with water cooling the bulky objects will be bolted directly to the chassis with only the weight of the CPU block itself needing to rely on the motherboard/backplate. So little need to worry about transportation.
That said, I have had my Swiftech for about 4 years now. I feel like it is getting a little noisier over time and I will probably have to replace it in a year or so. I would get another swiftech but I don't really like the new reservoir shape. I also haven't used it the entire 4 years and my gaming machine doesn't see as much use as it used to. I have an HTPC I use for media consumption, so my desktop is only on for actual gaming and the occasional work that needs a larger monitor.
I've had my eye on Alphacool's Eisbear products. A bit expensive, but I like the idea of an integrated pump/res/radiator. I don't like seeing every single build having the same tube reservoir on top of a D5 pump.
As for the EK quick disconnect, yes, that is a type of fitting. Originally developed for the medical industry it allows two fluid filled tubes to be disconnected with only a very small to zero loss of liquid. (i'll leave it to your imagination to guess what fluid, also used in space suit water cooling systems) Such components come pre-filled and you only have to disconnect, plug in a component and you are good to go. The problem is fixed tube length and then having to shove the excess somewhere. And the connectors themselves are quite a bit larger than the tube, and are somewhere near one end but not usually on the component. Certainly not as clean looking as hard or soft tubing.
https://www.ekwb.com/shop/aio/ek-mlc
They sell radiator cores, GPU cores, and CPU cores. They all plug together, minimum you have to buy at least two, and the list of compatible GPUs is somewhat limited.
I believe Alphacool has a similar product lineup for quick disconnects.
If you want cheaper components, EK has an all aluminum line up of water cooling components. Slightly less effective, but still better than air for GPUs. Pump is still pretty expensive if you want a good one. D5 pumps are the popular ones. DDC is the other (what is in the swiftech as I recall)
https://www.ekfluidgaming.com/kits
I'm sure there are more products out there. But I only track a few brands. Asia has an entire market segment for water cooling that rarely reaches the West as well. If you want to look at a lot of different parts to get ideas: performance-pcs.com has a lot of water cooling, air cooling, and other silliness available.