Intel processors monitor their own temperature.
If they detect a dangerous temperature, they will lower their multiplier or even shut down.
That temperature is over 100c.
Current gen processors are designed to operate at 100c .
It is not temperature that kills processors, it is excessive voltage.
Overclockers fiddling with voltage may cause damage.
The current 13/14gen problems come in part from motherboards default settings that pushed performance past Intel specs. Most motherboards now have bios settings to have a safe default setting.
It was discovered that a microcode error also allowed some voltages to go a bit too high, resulting in instability.
The source of the error has been identified and a fix is on the way.
A 14900K is such a strong processor that you can let it loaf.
Get your motherboard bios up to currency.
Allow sufficient airflow to reach your air cooler and you will be ok.
You may find this article reassuring:
https://www.tomshardware.com/features/intel-core-13900k-cooling-tested