I have no idea what the impact of this would be, but I was curious about what types of processors they actually use in military applications. I wouldn't expect them to use off the shelf stuff since, like US Mil Spec, they have to be hardened against EMP / radiation and so on.
So I looked a bit, found this :
30N6E2 Tomb Stone Engagement Radar
- Replacement of the legacy data processor with a new Russian built ruggedised Elbrus-90 Mikro SPARC architecture quad CPU system, with a 500 MHz clock and 500 MB of RAM. All code is implemented in C language. The additional processing capability is used to support the revised missile control laws;
The S-400 SAM is considered to be one of the best SAM systems in the world, if not the best.
Also, if you look up the list of semi fabs on Wikipedia, Russia has at least one and possibly two 65nm capable fabs run by Mikron. Most of the Elbrus are on 90nm though, 65nm node is supposedly functional in 2020+. Most likely the Elbrus-90 above is a quad core 90nm chip.
90nm would have been state of the art for Athlon X2, Turion 64 X2, G5 power PC Macs, and dual-core Opterons. This would be western CPUs around 2003-2005.
65nm would be Pentium D, early Core 2 models, AMD Athlon and Phenom models along with early smartphone SoCs like TI OMAP 3. This would be state of the art for CPUs around 2006-2008.
I use 'for cpus' deliberately, the smaller nodes always come out earlier for memory than for a full SoC or CPU.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikron_Group
Last but not least :
"While there are plans to educate local talent and develop chips domestically, one of the things that the country plans to do by the end of the year is to establish a reverse engineering program of 'foreign solutions' to transfer their manufacturing to Russia.
All digital items should be produced domestically by 2024. Things that the country cannot make domestically are expected to be sourced from China. "
https://www.tomshardware.com/news/russia-semiconductor-plan-28nm