Holy cow, well lets see if we can name a few right of the top of my head...
Sheets of foam from 1/8" to several inches thick.
Foam Peanuts in many sizes
Paper dunnage including shredded papers
Cardboard in unlimited shapes, pieces and sizes
Bubble wrap in dozens of sizes
Air puffed plastic bags in dozens of sizes
Spray in expanding foam
And a huge variety of boxes and cartons, almost endless sizes and shapes.
Any neighborhood shipping service, like a UPS store, will have many various types of packaging materials available.