Just want to be SURE about what the Lighting Node Core unit is. You say the fans look like they must be plain RGB, I presume because they never show you any multicolour things like rainbows. There's another thing to look for. At the Lighting Node Core box where the lighting cables for each front SP120 fan are plugged in, look closely at one of those cables at the port. Does it have FOUR wires coming out of the connector, or THREE? A FOUR-wire system would be for plain RGB. A THREE_wire connection (with one wire "missing") would be for an ARGB lighting set. IF those connectors have only THREE wires coming out then I suggest you look into iCUE and see if it CAN create multicolour displays on those front SP120's. If that CAN be done, then those are ARGB lights, and that is the signal type the Lighting Node Core can generate. In that case, post back here because the rest of this is NOT pertinent!
OK, so if you are sure the connections to the PS120's use FOUR wires then they are plain RGB, and what follows is your path.
The actual Converters I spoke of are getting rare! Right now the only one I could find much info on is the Cooler Master Addressable RGB Controller
The Addressable RGB LED Controlleris a compact size Addressable RGB LED controller that allows you to easily customize your ARGB devices without the need for either an ARGB capable motherboard or software. With different lighting modes, you can have full customization and your PC illumination...
www.coolermaster.com
and even that may be discontinued, so you'd have to look for old stock. NOTE that there are (were) similar products marketed by Cooler Master. THIS one is identified by having FOUR buttons on its top.
This is not JUST a converter. It actually is a complete stand-alone ARGB Controller. Normally it is used with no connection to the mobo, and all configuration is done using the software tool supplied with it, and a connection to a mobo USB2 header for communication. Doing that would only give you what you already have, except that the connection and control for your rear fan etc, would be from this box instead of the mobo JARGB_V2_n headers, and the software tool is different. Alternatively you can use the buttons on its top to make changes manually. No gain there!
But this CAN work as a Converter if you use a couple of its features. First, it comes with two cables to connect your case and mobo places. You start by going to the Front Panel header on your mobo and disconnecting the cable from the front panel RESET switch. Then a connecting cable from a Controller box socket goes to that Front Panel header RESET pin pair and the actual cable from the Front Panel RESET button plugs into another Controller socket. When set up like this way your front panel RESET button becommes the manual way to change light display mode, one push at a time. But if you push and hold that button in for at least 5 sec, that acts like a normal RESET action and resets your computer.
So far, no converter function. On one END of the box are three sopckets, of which the centre one is to connect to a mobo USB2 header for communication with the box. Each of the other two are to connect to a mobo plain RGB (4-pin) and to an ARGB (3-pin) header. That's a way to get external lighting header control signals into the box. In your case, you would connect the 4-pin plain RGB input socket to one of the outputs of your Corsair Controller using a proper adapter for 4-pin plain RGB lights - NOT an adapter for 3-pin ARGB lights. NOTE: even that may be an issue! I could not find any such adapter! All I could find are ones for Corsair Controllers that output THREE-wire ARGB signals from their non-standard ports. That gets the Corsair signal to this Controller box. THEN you use one button on the box (2nd from top) to tell the box to turn over control to the input signal from a mobo plain RGB source (in your case, from the Corsair box). A manual for this Cooler Master Controller is here.
https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81ORIl4McjS.pdf
With all that done the ARGB lights on your rear and AIO fans can be plugged into the ARGB output ports of the Cooler Master box, and that box can be set to do whatever the plain RGB signals from your Corsair Controller request. You must realize that this means you will NOT get all the fancy displays that ARGB lights can do. You get a subset that duplicates whatever a plain RGB system is capable of. Now plain RGB cannot do multicolour displays like rainbows, so the Corsair plain RGB Controller cannot send out any signals to request such. It can request only what plain RGB lights can do.