It's unlikely that it's a software issue if OP tried it on another machine and it did the same thing.
The most likely issue is that there is damage to the USB3 pins, so only the USB2 pins are making contact. Check the connector visually and see if any of the extra tiny pins look damaged. It COULD potentially mean internal damage so you can't see it, such as a resistor that blew or had a bad solder joint, but there's no way to know if it was due to the drive being defective and crossing a threshold where the component failed, or a problem with your PC that damaged the drive. (There is no way the actual controller/interface chip is damaged beyond the internal traces for those pins, otherwise it just wouldn't work.) All you can really do is try to RMA it, but being able to plug another USB3+ drive into the same port and prove it still works at full speed can help provide evidence to the vendor that it's the drive that is broken.